Table 4.
Study | Surgery | Intervention vs. Control | Outcomes evaluated |
---|---|---|---|
Jones50 | Total hip or knee replacement | Spinal anesthesia vs. general anesthesia | National Adult Reading Test Choice Reaction Time Critical flicker fusion threshold Objective learning test Digit copying test Functional life scale Cognitive difficulties test |
Nielson51 | Total knee replacement | Spinal anesthesia vs. general anesthesia | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised Trail Making Test Controlled Oral Word Association Test Finger Oscillation Test Two-point discrimination Hand preference questionnaire Sickness impact profile |
Bigler52 | Hip fracture | Spinal anesthesia vs. general anesthesia | Abbreviated Mental Test |
Williams-Russo53 | Total knee replacement | Epidural anesthesia (followed in more than 95% of the cases by epidural analgesia) vs. general anesthesia (followed by IV PCA) | Boston Naming Test Controlled word association Digit symbol Trail Making Tests A Trail Making Tests B Digit span test Benton Visual Retention Test Benton Visual Recognition Test Mattis-Kovner Verbal Recall Mattis-Kovner Verbal Recognition |
Rasmussen54 | Major noncardiac surgery | Regional (spinal or epidural) anesthesia vs. general anesthesia | Part of the Visual Verbal Learning Test Part of the Concept Shifting Test Part of the Stroop Color Word Interference Test Part of the Letter Digit Coding Test Geriatric Depression Scale Subjective cognitive functioning questionnaire (patients and relatives) Instrument for activities of daily living (patients and relatives) |
Campbell55 | Cataract | Regional (topical + retrobulbar or peribulbar ) anesthesia vs. general anesthesia | Part of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test 2 parts of the Fuld Object Memory Test Part of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised Digit copying test Felix post unit questionnaire Holbrook activity index National Adult Reading Test |