Table 2. Comparisons of the clinical assessments (mean ± SD) at baseline (preoperative condition) and follow-up (postoperative condition), and the follow-up minus baseline (post-pre difference) difference between the PD groups with and without phonemic deterioration following STN-DBS.
| Preoperative (M-3) | Postoperative (M+3) | Post-pre difference | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With deterioration | Without deterioration | p value | With deterioration | Without deterioration | With deterioration | Without deterioration | p value | |
| Men/Women, (N) | 5/5 | 8/8 | 1.00 a | |||||
| Age (years) | 58.0 ± 9.2 | 55.8 ± 6.2 | 0.24 | |||||
| Education (years) | 11.3 ± 3.4 | 10.1 ± 2.4 | 0.34 | |||||
| Disease duration (years) | 11.1 ± 5.4 | 11.7 ± 4.0 | 0.56 | |||||
| UPDRS-III ON | 8.8 ± 5.9 | 8.0 ± 5.8 | 0.54 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 5.7 ± 4.5 | -4.9 ± 6.4 | -2.3 ± 4.0 | 0.32 |
| UPDRS-III OFF | 34.6 ± 13.8 | 28.3 ± 9.7 | 0.22 | 10.4 ± 5.5 | 17.0 ± 10.6 | -24.2 ± 12.7 | -12.3 ± 6.8 | 0.009 |
| Speech item ON | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.80 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | -0.2 ± 0.6 | -0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.79 |
| Speech item OFF | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.50 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | -0.8 ± 0.9 | -0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.28 |
| Schwab & England (%) ON | 86.0 ± 11.7 | 87.5 ± 8.6 | 0.89 | 94.0 ± 5.2 | 94.4 ± 6.3 | 8.0 ± 12.3 | 6.9 ± 9.5 | 0.89 |
| Schwab & England (%) OFF | 58.0 ± 25.7 | 71.2 ± 16.7 | 0.17 | 74.0 ± 9.7 | 81.9 ± 14.7 | 16.0 ± 25.0 | 10.6 ± 21.1 | 0.67 |
| Hoehn & Yahr ON | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.28 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | -0.2 ± 0.9 | -0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.84 |
| Hoehn & Yahr OFF | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.54 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 1.0 | -0.7 ± 1.2 | -1.0 ± 0.9 | 0.39 |
| LEDD (mg) | 1176.0 ± 464.2 | 1330.7 ± 613.2 | 0.67 | 658.6 ± 336.6 | 820.1 ± 451.4 | -517.4 ± 400.0 | -510.6 ± 368.1 | 0.87 |
| MADRS | 6.2 ± 3.5 | 5.2 ± 5.7 | 0.38 | 4.1 ± 3.3 | 3.7 ± 4.2 | -2.1 ± 4.2 | -1.4 ± 4.9 | 0.45 |
| AES | 30.8 ± 5.5 | 32.4 ± 7.9 | 0.62 | 29.9 ± 5.8 | 32.0 ± 8.8 | -0.9 ± 4.4 | -0.4 ± 5.6 | 0.49 |
| Cognitive items | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 14.6 ± 3.5 | 0.25 | 13.0 ± 2.5 | 14.8 ± 4.0 | -0.1 ± 2.0 | 0.2 ± 2.9 | 0.29 |
| Behavioural items | 8.3 ± 1.9 | 8.4 ± 2.1 | 0.79 | 8.5 ± 2.0 | 8.1 ± 2.3 | 0.2 ± 2.2 | -0.2 ± 2.7 | 0.64 |
| Emotional items | 4.1 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 1.00 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 1.2 | -0.7 ± 1.3 | -0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.60 |
| Other items | 5.3 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 2.0 | 0.96 | 5.0 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 1.8 | -0.3 ± 1.3 | 0.0 ± 1.4 | 0.65 |
| MDRS | ||||||||
| Without verbal initiation | 112.4 ± 1.5 | 111.2 ± 2.1 | 0.15 | 111.7 ± 1.4 | 111.1 ± 2.5 | -0.7 ± 2.1 | -0.1 ± 2.9 | 0.29 |
| Verbal fluency | ||||||||
| Semantic | 29.2 ± 12.3 | 30.6 ± 9.9 | 0.67 | 28.2 ± 10.7 | 29.6 ± 9.9 | -1.0 ± 6.8 | -1.1 ± 8.5 | 0.87 |
| Phonemic | 24.5 ± 6.4 | 20.5 ± 7.5 | 0.13 | 17.1 ± 7.6 | 19.9 ± 6.2 | -7.4 ± 2.7 | -0.6 ± 2.6 | <0.0001 |
| Stroop | ||||||||
| Colour | 68.9 ± 14.1 | 73.7 ± 14.8 | 0.54 | 65.4 ± 16.1 | 69.6 ± 8.4 | -3.5 ± 7.3 | -4.1 ± 11.5 | 0.80 |
| Word | 98.3 ± 17.0 | 103.6 ± 19.6 | 0.64 | 90.7 ± 17.5 | 106.0 ± 13.5 | -7.6 ± 7.9 | 2.2 ± 11.8 | 0.03 |
| Colour-Word | 44.0 ± 7.6 | 41.6 ± 12.7 | 0.89 | 43.6 ± 6.6 | 40.4 ± 9.3 | -0.4 ± 4.7 | -1.2 ± 8.7 | 0.80 |
| Interference | 3.6 ± 4.7 | -0.9 ± 7.9 | 0.16 | 5.7 ± 6.2 | -1.4 ± 7.3 | 2.1 ± 4.7 | -0.5 ± 7.6 | 0.44 |
| TMT | ||||||||
| Part A | 48.4 ± 15.0 | 44.0 ± 16.9 | 0.38 | 51.8 ± 16.8 | 41.1 ± 11.6 | 3.4 ± 8.7 | -2.9 ± 10.4 | 0.21 |
| Part B | 108.7 ± 50.2 | 104.2 ± 56.6 | 0.81 | 136.9 ± 81.9 | 118.5 ± 84.3 | 28.2 ± 48.2 | 14.2 ± 39.2 | 0.41 |
| B-A | 60.3 ± 44.2 | 60.2 ± 46.5 | 0.96 | 85.1 ± 76.9 | 77.4 ± 76.7 | 24.8 ± 50.9 | 17.1 ± 43.7 | 0.56 |
| MCST | ||||||||
| Categories | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 0.63 | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.37 |
| Errors | 5.5 ± 5.4 | 5.4 ± 4.9 | 0.82 | 4.5 ± 4.1 | 3.8 ± 3.3 | -1.0 ± 5.5 | -1.6 ± 4.4 | 0.63 |
| Perseverations | 1.6 ± 2.3 | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 0.95 | 1.2 ± 2.0 | 1.5 ± 1.5 | -0.4 ± 2.9 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.50 |
Abbreviations. SD = standard deviation; UPDRS-III = Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III; LEDD = levodopa equivalent daily dose; MADRS = Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale; AES = Apathy Evaluation Scale; MDRS = Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; TMT = Trail Making Test; MCST = Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
aCompared with Fisher’s exact test.