Table 3. Comparisons of the clinical assessments (mean ± SD) at baseline (preoperative condition) and follow-up (postoperative condition), and the follow-up minus baseline difference (post-pre difference) between the PD groups with and without semantic deterioration following STN-DBS.
| Preoperative (M-3) | Postoperative (M+3) | Post-pre difference | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With deterioration | Without deterioration | p value | With deterioration | Without deterioration | With deterioration | Without deterioration | p value | |
| Men/Women (N) | 4/4 | 9/9 | 1.00 a | |||||
| Age (years) | 55.8 ± 6.6 | 57.0 ± 7.8 | 0.60 | |||||
| Education (years) | 11.9 ± 3.9 | 10.0 ± 2.1 | 0.25 | |||||
| Disease duration (years) | 11.4 ± 3.5 | 11.6 ± 4.9 | 0.89 | |||||
| UPDRS-III ON | 9.9 ± 6.1 | 7.6 ± 5.6 | 0.30 | 6.6 ± 5.0 | 4.3 ± 3.0 | -3.2 ± 4.3 | -3.3 ± 5.5 | 0.52 |
| UPDRS-III OFF | 31.1 ± 8.8 | 31.5 ± 12.7 | 0.78 | 15.1 ± 9.9 | 14.2 ± 9.5 | -16.0 ± 8.0 | -17.3 ± 12.3 | 0.96 |
| Speech item ON | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.09 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | -0.4 ± 0.4 | -0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.03 |
| Speech item OFF | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.12 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | -1.1 ± 0.7 | -0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.06 |
| Schwab & England (%) ON | 93.8 ± 7.4 | 83.9 ± 9.2 | 0.01 | 95.0 ± 5.3 | 93.9 ± 6.1 | 1.2 ± 6.4 | 10.0 ± 10.8 | 0.05 |
| Schwab & England (%) OFF | 71.2 ± 21.7 | 63.9 ± 21.2 | 0.21 | 80.0 ± 14.1 | 78.3 ± 13.4 | 8.7 ± 25.3 | 14.4 ± 21.5 | 0.36 |
| Hoehn & Yahr ON | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 0.95 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | -0.4 ± 0.6 | -0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.63 |
| Hoehn & Yahr OFF | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 0.80 | 1.4 ± 5.3 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | -1.1 ± 0.8 | -0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.41 |
| LEDD (mg) | 1319.4 ± 767.0 | 1249.8 ± 459.1 | 0.78 | 690.9 ± 603.4 | 787.8 ± 310.1 | -628.5 ± 464.6 | -462.0 ± 326.1 | 0.27 |
| MADRS | 5.4 ± 5.6 | 5.7 ± 4.8 | 0.48 | 4.6 ± 5.3 | 3.6 ± 3.1 | -0.7 ± 4.3 | -2.1 ± 4.8 | 0.60 |
| AES | 31.6 ± 5.7 | 31.9 ± 7.7 | 0.89 | 35.1 ± 9.7 | 29.4 ± 6.2 | 3.5 ± 5.0 | -2.4 ± 4.0 | 0.01 |
| Cognitive items | 13.6 ± 2.8 | 14.2 ± 3.2 | 0.68 | 15.7 ± 4.6 | 13.4 ± 2.9 | 2.1 ± 2.4 | -0.9 ± 1.8 | 0.007 |
| Behavioural items | 8.0 ± 1.2 | 8.5 ± 2.3 | 0.61 | 9.8 ± 2.4 | 7.6 ± 1.7 | 1.8 ± 2.1 | -0.9 ± 1.9 | 0.009 |
| Emotional items | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 0.39 | 3.9 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | -0.5 ± 0.9 | -0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.98 |
| Other items | 5.6 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 0.51 | 5.8 ± 1.9 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 0.1 ± 1.0 | -0.2 ± 1.5 | 0.56 |
| MDRS | ||||||||
| Without verbal initiation | 112.5 ± 1.4 | 111.3 ± 2.0 | 0.15 | 111.6 ± 2.1 | 111.2 ± 2.2 | -0.9 ± 1.6 | -0.1 ± 2.9 | 0.31 |
| Verbal fluency | ||||||||
| Semantic | 38.1 ± 7.3 | 26.5 ± 10.0 | 0.01 | 27.1 ± 9.4 | 29.9 ± 10.5 | -11.0 ± 4.0 | 3.4 ± 3.7 | <0.0001 |
| Phonemic | 22.5 ± 7.3 | 21.8 ± 7.4 | 0.85 | 20.1 ± 4.8 | 18.3 ± 7.5 | -2.4 ± 4.8 | -3.6 ± 4.1 | 0.72 |
| Stroop | ||||||||
| Colour | 75.6 ± 9.9 | 70.0 ± 16.1 | 0.27 | 72.7 ± 8.9 | 65.6 ± 12.7 | -2.9 ± 8.1 | -4.4 ± 10.8 | 0.98 |
| Word | 110.5 ± 17.9 | 97.2 ± 17.6 | 0.32 | 104.5 ± 14.6 | 97.7 ± 17.6 | -6.0 ± 9.2 | 0.4 ± 12.0 | 0.24 |
| Colour-Word | 45.4 ± 21.0 | 41.2 ± 10.3 | 0.28 | 44.4 ± 5.8 | 40.4 ± 9.2 | -1.0 ± 11.1 | 0.3 ± 5.8 | 0.62 |
| Interference | 0.6 ± 7.5 | 1.0 ± 7.1 | 0.77 | 1.7 ± 4.2 | 1.3 ± 8.9 | 1.1 ± 8.4 | 0.3 ± 5.8 | 0.82 |
| TMT | ||||||||
| Part A | 44.2 ± 21.0 | 46.3 ± 14.0 | 0.52 | 40.9 ± 14.4 | 47.2 ± 14.5 | -3.4 ± 12.0 | 0.8 ± 9.2 | 0.29 |
| Part B | 107.6 ± 65.2 | 105.2 ± 49.1 | 0.72 | 138.9 ± 97.6 | 119.7 ± 76.9 | 31.2 ± 44.7 | 14.4 ± 41.8 | 0.44 |
| B-A | 63.4 ± 53.0 | 58.9 ± 40.9 | 0.85 | 98.0 ± 84.9 | 72.5 ± 71.9 | 34.6 ± 48.4 | 13.6 ± 44.3 | 0.34 |
| MCST | ||||||||
| Categories | 5.5 ± 1.0 | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 0.50 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.22 |
| Errors | 5.5 ± 3.3 | 5.4 ± 5.7 | 0.38 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 4.8 ± 4.1 | -3.0 ± 2.5 | -0.6 ± 5.4 | 0.11 |
| Perseverations | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 2.1 | 0.76 | 0.9 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.9 | -0.4 ± 1.3 | 0.1 ± 2.6 | 0.51 |
Abbreviations. SD = standard deviation; UPDRS-III = Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III; LEDD = levodopa equivalent daily dose; MADRS = Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale; AES = Apathy Evaluation Scale; MDRS = Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; TMT = Trail Making Test; MCST = Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
aCompared with Fisher’s exact test.