Fig 7. 2009 H1N1 virus positive mammary glands have distinct genetic signatures linked to the regulation of milk production, cancer and immune responses.

A clustergram of the global expression analysis of H1N1+ MGs is shown and the most prominent functional groups are indicated for each cluster (A). Clustergrams of H1N1+ MG gene expression for specific signaling pathways and gene networks were produced (described in methods) (B). Immune Responses were analyzed by comparing the genes expression profiles of 2009 H1N1 infected Adult Ferret Lungs against the H1N1+ MGs (C). Clustergrams for immune response analysis were generated with genes exhibiting statistically significant differential regulation in either ferret mammary glands or lungs. Gene enrichment scores for KEGG-defined signaling cascades among significantly upregulated (red) and downregulated (red) gene subsets at Days 3/4 and Days 6/7 are shown (D). Values above threshold (α = 0.05) indicate statistically significant enrichment among upregulated or downregulated gene subsets at a given time-point. Samples were collected and analyzed from 3 independent litter experiments of inoculated/infected infants and 3 mothers per time point.