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. 2015 Oct 8;11(10):e1005173. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005173

Fig 9. Influenza virus inoculation into active mammary glands of nursing-mother ferrets leads to respiratory infection, severe disease and mortality in infants.

Fig 9

A schematic depicting the mammary gland inoculation design is shown (A). Temperature (left panel) and weights (right panel) of lactating mother ferrets following 2009 H1N1 (pink lines) or PBS (light grey lines) mammary inoculation (B). Temperature (left panel) and weights (right panel) of infants feeding from lactating mothers with 2009 H1N1 (pink lines) or PBS (light grey lines) inoculated mammary glands (C). Survival of mother and infant ferrets following mammary 2009 H1N1 virus inoculation (D). Live viral load determined from nasal wash in both infant and mothers (E), and live virus shedding from expressed milk (F) following mammary gland 2009 H1N1 inoculation. * Indicates a p-value less than 0.05 determined by ANOVA. Error bars indicate +/- SD. Results are the mean of or represent three independent mammary gland inoculation experiments (3 mammary inoculated mothers, 18 infants) and mock mammary inoculation controls (3 mammary mock inoculated mothers, 21 infants).