. 2015 Sep 29;9:5421–5431. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S89279

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of AD patients and healthy controls

	AD patients	Control (n=160)	t-value/χ² statistic	P-value
Age, years, mean (SD)	68.9 (11.8)	69.6 (12.5)	0.145	0.892^a
Male, n (%)	63 (42.9)	66 (41.3)	0.081	0.776^b
Smoker/nonsmoker	72/75	78/82	0.158	0.691^b
Drinker/nondrinker	73/74	79/81	0.003	0.960^b
Education level (>9 years), n (%)	32 (21.8)	34 (21.3)	0.012	0.912^b
Spouse, n (%)	132 (89.8)	136 (85.0)	1.589	0.207^b
Career (working overtime), n (%)	93 (63.3)	98 (61.3)	0.132	0.716^b
Anxiety (cutoff score 8 in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), n (%)	44 (29.9)	5 (3.1)	41.044	0.000^b
Current medication, n (%)
Antidepressant medication	51 (34.7)	0	152.031	0.000^b
Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors	63 (42.9)	0	86.276	0.322^b
Serotonin–noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitors	21 (14.3)	0	24.535	0.000^b
Psychiatric test scores, mean (SD)
Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale	23.9 (7.8)	14.2 (2.4)	2.141	0.004^a
Anxiety score (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale)	12.6 (4.5)	4.3 (1.1)	2.649	0.002^a
Global Assessment of Functioning score	59.4 (6.8)	78.1 (8.3)	3.517	0.001^a
Toronto Alexithymia Scale – 20	54.6 (13.8)	23.2 (6.3)	4.388	0.001^a
RAND-36 score	52.3 (16.1)	83.6 (10.9)	3.046	0.002^a
MMSE scores	19.8±4.9	31.8±4.3	3.061	0.002^a
CDR scale
CDR 0, n	0	160	307.021	0.000^b
CDR 0.5, n	84	0	125.868	0.000^b
CDR 1, n	36	0	44.388	0.000^b
CDR 2+, n	27	0	32.221	0.000^b

Notes:

Student’s t-test;

standard χ² statistic.

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; SD, standard deviation; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating.