. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 8.

Published in final edited form as: J Surg Res. 2013 Aug 13;186(1):458–466. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.07.042

Table 3.

Multivariable model of predictors of use of hemostatic agents.

		General surgery	Gynecologic and urologic	Cardiovascular	Orthopedic
Age
	<60	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	≥60	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	0.91 (0.89–0.93)^*	1.01 (1.00–1.02)	1.01 (1.00–1.02)^*
Gender
	Male	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	Female	0.94 (0.93–0.96)^*	0.97 (0.95–1.00)^*	0.99 (0.98–1.00)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)
Race
	White	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	Black	1.03 (1.01–1.06)^*	1.04 (1.02–1.06)^*	1.01 (1.00–1.03)	1.00 (0.99–1.01)
	Other	1.01 (0.99–1.04)	1.01 (0.9901.03)	0.97 (0.96–0.99)^*	1.01 (1.01–1.02)^*
Year of diagnosis
	2000	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	2001	1.08 (1.01–1.16)^*	1.03 (0.98–1.09)	0.96 (0.94–0.99)^*	1.03 (1.01–1.05)^*
	2002	1.17 (1.09–1.25)^*	1.13 (1.07–1.19)^*	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	1.05 (1.03–1.08)^*
	2003	1.21 (1.13–1.30)^*	1.29 (1.22–1.36)^*	1.02 (0.99–1.05)	1.07 (1.05–1.09)^*
	2004	1.28 (1.20–1.37)^*	1.43 (1.35–1.50)^*	1.14 (1.10–1.17)^*	1.11 (1.08–1.13)^*
	2005	1.37 (1.28–1.47)^*	1.57 (1.49–1.65)^*	1.17 (1.13–1.20)^*	1.14 (1.11–1.16)^*
	2006	1.46 (1.37–1.56)^*	1.79 (1.70–1.89)^*	1.26 (1.22–1.30)^*	1.18 (1.11–1.16)^*
	2007	1.60 (1.50–1.72)^*	2.04 (1.94–2.15)^*	1.34 (1.30–1.38)^*	1.22 (1.20–1.24)^*
	2008	1.73 (1.62–1.85)^*	2.29 (2.17–2.41)^*	1.39 (1.35–1.43)^*	1.28 (1.25–1.30)^*
	2009	1.82 (1.70–1.94)^*	2.53 (2.40–2.66)^*	1.38 (1.34–1.42)^*	1.30 (1.27–1.33)^*
	2010	1.82 (1.68–1.96)^*	2.73 (2.57–2.89)^*	1.37 (1.32–1.42)^*	1.34 (1.31–1.37)^*
Insurance
	Commercial	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	Medicare	1.03 (1.01–1.05)^*	0.81 (0.79–0.82)^*	1.03 (1.03–1.04)^*	1.00 (0.99–1.00)
	Medicaid	1.08 (1.04–1.12)^*	0.95 (0.93–0.98)^*	1.02 (1.00–1.05)^*	0.99 (0.98–1.00)
	Uninsured	1.02 (0.98–1.07)	0.91 (0.88–0.95)^*	1.00 (0.98–1.03)	0.98 (0.96–1.00)
	Unknown	1.04 (0.99–1.09)	0.97 (0.94–1.01)	1.03 (1.00–1.05)^*	1.01 (1.00–1.02)^*
Marital status
	Married	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	Single	1.00 (0.97–1.02)	0.93 (0.92–0.95)^*	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)
	Unknown	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	0.98 (0.97–1.00)^*	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	1.00 (0.99–1.01)
Area of residence
	Metropolitan	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	Non-metropolitan	0.85 (0.69–1.03)	0.89 (0.71–1.10)	0.84 (0.63–1.12)	0.63 (0.50–0.80)^*
Region
	Eastern	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	Midwest	1.79 (1.39–2.31)^*	1.35 (1.02–1.78)^*	1.36 (0.99–1.87)	1.61 (1.20–2.16)^*
	South	2.09 (1.65–2.66)^*	1.51 (1.16–1.97)^*	1.59 (1.18–2.14)^*	2.28 (1.73–3.00)^*
	West	1.18 (0.88–1.58)	0.88 (0.64–1.21)	1.21 (0.84–1.73)	1.60 (1.15–2.23)^*
Cancer
	No	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	Yes	0.87 (0.85–0.88)^*	1.42 (1.40–1.45)^*	1.11 (1.07–1.16)^*	1.02 (1.00–1.05)^*
Comorbidity
	0	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	1	1.17 (1.14–1.20)^*	1.30 (1.28–1.32)^*	1.04 (1.03–1.05)^*	1.00 (1.00–1.01)
	≥2	1.43 (1.40–1.46)^*	1.24 (1.21–1.26)^*	1.08 (1.07–1.10)^*	1.01 (1.00–1.01)^*
Hospital type
	Non-teaching	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	Teaching	0.98 (0.81–1.19)	1.15 (0.93–1.43)	1.00 (0.80–1.26)	0.93 (0.75–1.16)
Hospital size
	<400 beds	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	400–600 beds	1.21 (0.99–1.49)	1.10 (0.88–1.39)	1.11 (0.87–1.41)	1.33 (1.04–1.68)^*
	>600 beds	1.16 (0.87–1.54)	1.03 (0.74–1.42)	1.17 (0.84–1.63)	1.12 (0.80–1.57)
Hospital volume
	Low	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	Intermediate	1.14 (1.11–1.18)^*	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	1.03 (1.01–1.05)^*	1.12 (1.10–1.14)^*
	High	1.29 (1.24–1.34)^*	1.30 (1.26–1.35)^*	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	1.05 (1.02–1.07)^*
Surgeon volume
	Low	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
	Intermediate	0.86 (0.85–0.88)^*	1.09 (1.07–1.11)^*	0.95 (0.94–0.96)^*	1.03 (1.02–1.04)^*
	High	0.83 (0.82–0.85)^*	1.23 (1.21–1.26)^*	0.93 (0.92–0.94)^*	1.01 (1.00–1.01)
	Unknown	0.92 (0.86–0.99)^*	1.08 (1.03–1.15)^*	0.91 (0.88–0.94)^*	1.05 (1.03–1.08)^*
Procedure
	Colectomy	Referent	Referent	Referent	-
	Thyroidectomy	3.21(3.14–3.27)^*	-	-	-
	Pancreatectomy	3.84 (3.72–3.97)^*	-	-	-
	Liver resection	5.72 (5.53–5.92)^*	-	-	-
	Gastrectomy	2.11 (2.05–2.16)^*	-	-	-
	Prostatectomy	-	Referent	-	-
	Hysterectomy	-	2.67 (2.58–2.75)^*	-	-
	Nephrectomy	-	4.83 (4.72–4.94)^*	-	-
Coronary artery bypass graft		-	-	Referent	-
	Valvuloplasty	-	-	1.13 (1.12–1.14)^*	-
	Lung resection	-	-	0.50 (0.48–0.52)^*	-
	Hip arthroplasty	-	-	-	Referent
	Knee arthroplasty	-	-	-	1.08 (1.06–1.10)^*
	Spine surgery	-	-	-	11.71 (11.55–11.87)^*

P<0.05