Table 1.

Role of TRPV1 channels on molecular pathways in human and animals with epilepsy.

Material	Drugs	Effects	References
Mice	Anandamide Capsaicin Capsazepine	CPZ and low doses of anandamide anticonvulsant but capsaicin and high doses of anandamide pro-convulsant.	Manna and Umathe [21]
Mice	Anandamide Capsaicin CPZ	CPZ and low doses of anandamide inhibit marble-burying behavior effect but capsaicin and high doses of anandamide induce marble-burying behavior.	Umathe et al. [48]
Rat	Piperine	Anti-seizure property	Chen et al. [18]
Human	-	Increased TRPV1 expression in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy	Sun et al. [73]
Mice	-	TRPV1 expression is unaltered in the hippocampus of mice with seizure history	von Rüden et al. [19]
Mice	CPZ	TRPV1 channel is expressed in the hippocampus of epileptic mice. CPZ suppressed ongoing ictal activity and propagation of seizure activity.	Gonzalez-Reyes et al. [5]
Rat	OLDA and AMG-9810	OLDA (TRPV1 receptor agonist)- induced pro-convulsant effect were reversed by the pre-treatment of rat with AMG-9810 (TRPV1) antagonist.	Shirazi et al. [74]
Trpv1 deficient mice		Occurrence of febrile seizures temporally correlated with hyperthermia evoked TRPV1 activation	Kong et al. [75]
Rat	Capsaicin and CPZ	Capsaicin-induced TRPV1 channel activity is increased in hippocampus of rats by epilepsy.	Ghazizadeh and Nazıroğlu [22] Nazıroğlu et al. [23]
Rat	Capsaicin, CPZ and IRTX	Anti-seizure and anti-apoptotic properties	Nazıroğlu and Ovey [77]

CPZ, capsazepine; IRTX, 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin; OLDA, N-oleoyldopamine