Table 3. Perioperative characteristics (N=641)*.
| Characteristics¥† | Male |
Female |
P value§ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤65 years n (%) Median [IQR] | >65 years n (%) Median [IQR] | ≤65 years n (%) Median [IQR] | >65 years n (%) Median [IQR] | |||
| Overall | 265 (41%) | 122 (19%) | 158 (25%) | 96 (15%) | – | |
| Aortic CCT, min¶ | 124 [44] | 121 [46] | 113 [43] | 107 [33] | <0.0001 | |
| Perfusion time, min | 160 [55] | 163 [56] | 150 [57] | 147 [52] | 0.0013 | |
| ICU time, h€ | 23 [7.5] | 26 [26] | 24 [21] | 30 [50] | <0.0001 | |
| Hospital LOS, d | 4 [2] | 5 [2] | 4 [1] | 6 [4] | <0.0001 | |
| Myocardial infarction | 1 (<1%) | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.06 | |
| Stroke | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1.0 | |
| Pneumonia | 1 (<1%) | 3 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 6 (6%) | 0.0017 | |
| Sepsis | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 0.084 | |
| ARDS | 1 (<1%) | 2 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 5 (5%) | 0.015 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 63 (24%) | 39 (32%) | 30 (19%) | 25 (26%) | 0.092 | |
| Renal failure | 3 (1%) | 3 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 3 (3%) | 0.51 | |
| Hemodialysis | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (3%) | 0.016 | |
| MAZE/Ablation | 40 (15%) | 39 (32%) | 24 (15%) | 44 (46%) | <0.0001 | |
| Operative mortality | 1 (<1%) | 3 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 7 (7%) | 0.0011 | |
*, Robotic mitral valve repair procedure (RMVP) from May 2000 to April 2011; §, Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables, across all columns; ¶, Cold Ventricular Fibrillation was used in 23 (3.6%) of patients; €, Missing values (ICU times not collected in STS database version 2.35, n=43) imputed using iterative EM algorithm (n=10 simulations, relative imputation efficiency>99.9%); †, No patient experienced either superficial or deep sternal infections; ¥, Comparison group for binary variables was the absence of the characteristic. ARDS, acute respiratory distress; CCT, cross-clamp time; d, days; EM, expectation-maximization; h, hours; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of stay; min, minutes; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Values in parentheses indicate percentages while those in square brackets indicate IQRs.