Table 1. Baseline and operative characteristics.
| Characteristics | TAV–in–SAV (n=50) [%] | SAV–in–SAV (n=52) [%] | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean) | 78.1 (±6.7) | 66.2 (±13.1) | <0.001 |
| Male, n | 27 [54] | 38 [73] | 0.064 |
| Log EuroSCORE | 27.4±18.7 | 14.4±10 | <0.001 |
| NYHA class | 0.011 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 2 | 4 [8] | 8 [15] | |
| 3 | 20 [40] | 15 [29] | |
| 4 | 26 [52] | 5 [10] | |
| Missing | 25 [46] | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 [20] | 5 [10] | 0.169 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 5 [10] | 3 [6] | 0.483 |
| Stroke | 4 [8] | 0 | 0.054 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 16 [32] | 7 [14] | 0.033 |
| Arterial hypertension | 41 [82] | 38 [73] | 0.346 |
| Coronary artery disease | 23 [46] | 6 [12] | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction <90 days | 1 [2] | 0 | 0.49 |
| Prior CABG | 20 [40] | 6 [12] | 0.001 |
| Number of previous cardiac surgeries | 0.997 | ||
| 1 | 44 [88] | 46 [89] | |
| 2 | 5 [10] | 5 [10] | |
| 3 | 1 [2] | 1 [2] | |
| Mitral valve regurgitation >2° | 3 [6] | 0 | 0.114 |
| Pulmonary Hypertension | 28 [56] | 10 [19] | <0.001 |
| COPD | 6 [12] | 3 [6] | 0.314 |
| Previous dialysis | 1 [2] | 0 | 0.49 |
| Creatinine value (mg/dL) | 1.5 (±1.5) | 1.1 (±0.3) | 0.073 |
| Liver failure | 0 | 0 | – |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 49.8 (±13.1) | 56.7 (±15.8) | 0.019 |
| Mode of bioprosthesis failure | <0.001 | ||
| Stenosis | 23 [46] | 13 [25] | |
| Insufficiency | 9 [18] | 29 [56] | |
| Combined | 18 [36] | 9 [17] | |
| Urgent procedure | 10 [20] | 12 [23] | 0.811 |
| Time after previous surgery, years | 8.0 (±3.9) | 7.2 (±4.8) | 0.348 |
| Previous pacemaker | 4 [8] | 7 [13] | 0.504 |
| Procedure duration (min) | 100.6 (±46.0) | 250.9 (±75.5) | <0.001 |
| CPB time (min) | – | 110.3 (±28.8) | – |
| Cross clamp time (min) | – | 78.7 (±19.4) | – |
| TAV access sites | |||
| Transfemoral | 18 [36] | – | |
| Transapical | 27 [54] | – | |
| Transaortic | 4 [8] | – | |
| Subclavian | 1 [2] | – | |
| Implanted valve | |||
| Medtronic CoreValve | 17 | – | |
| Edwards Sapien XT | 30 | – | |
| Edwards Sapien 3 | 2 | – | |
| JenaValve | 1 | – | |
| St. Jude Trifecta | – | 14 | |
| Edwards Perimount | – | 27 | |
| Medtronic Hancock | – | 1 | |
| Medtronic Mosaic | – | 1 | |
| Sorin Freedom SOLO | – | 1 | |
| Sorin Mitroflow | – | 3 | |
| St. Jude Regent | – | 5 |
CPB, cardio pulmonary bypass; CABG, coronary-artery bypass grafting; NYHA, New York Heart Association; COPD, chronic obstructiv pulmonary disease; TAV-in-SAV, transcatheter aortic valve-in-surgical aortic valve; SAV-in-SAV, surgical aortic valve redo-operation.