Table 1.
The biochemical composition of bones [22]. The composition is varied from species to species and from bone to bone.
| Inorganic Phases | wt % | Bioorganic Phases | wt % |
|---|---|---|---|
| CaPO4 (biological apatite) | ~60 | collagen type I | ~20 |
| water | ~9 | non-collagenous proteins: osteocalcin, osteonectin, osteopontin, thrombospondin, morphogenetic proteins, sialoprotein, serum proteins | ~3 |
| carbonates | ~4 | other traces: polysaccharides, lipids, cytokines | balance |
| citrates | ~0.9 | primary bone cells: osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts | balance |
| sodium | ~0.7 | ||
| magnesium | ~0.5 | ||
| other traces: Cl−, F−, K+ Sr2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+ | balance |