Table 4.

Data of DMI, milk production, milk composition and serum parameters at the diagnosis week, and concentrations of serum indicators prior to the diagnosis of lameness (LAM).

	8 Week before Parturition			4 Week before Parturition			LAM Diagnosis Week 1
Item	CON	LAM	P-value	CON	LAM	P-value	CON	LAM	P-value
DMI (kg/d)	14.91 ± 0.90	16.49 ± 1.01	0.28	15.90 ± 0.14	15.95 ± 0.67	0.96	20.26 ± 0.89	13.25 ± 1.11	<0.01
Milk production (kg/d)							43.01 ± 1.62	29.78 ± 4.01	0.01
Milk composition (g/kg, unless otherwise stated)
Fat							5.08 ± 0.45	3.39 ± 0.41	0.02
Protein							3.00 ± 0.10	2.85 ± 0.07	0.25
Fat-to-Protein ratio							1.69 ± 0.12	1.20 ± 0.15	0.03
Lactose							4.54 ± 0.05	4.43 ± 0.13	0.42
SCC (103 cells/mL)							28.33 ± 5.63	66.50 ± 15.31	0.03
Milk urea N (mg/dL)							15.39 ± 0.76	14.08 ± 1.22	0.37
TS							12.21 ± 0.31	13.47 ± 1.21	0.37
Serum parameters
Lactate (μmol/L)	2455.49 ± 348.63	5427.91 ± 1095.28	0.04	2162.31 ± 184.52	4232.93 ± 748.08	0.04	2,227.61 ± 320.68	4,760.82 ± 519.38	<0.01
NEFA (mmol/L)	140.79 ± 32.77	107.34 ± 20.88	0.41	193.97 ± 47.17	82.89 ± 6.96	0.07	756.51 ± 232.01	594.63 ± 206.20	0.61
BHBA (μmol/L)	351.93 ± 37.71	374.48 ± 31.14	0.65	311.98 ± 18.50	366.32 ± 17.12	0.06	826.91 ± 151.50	586.69 ± 93.88	0.23
IL-1 (pg/mL)	316.79 ± 6.04	293.92 ± 9.23	0.07	320.96 ± 1.59	302.73 ± 7.26	0.05	277.13 ± 5.42	281.30 ± 7.70	0.67
IL-6 (pg/mL)	19.23 ± 5.67	85.37 ± 52.96	0.30	48.24 ± 17.51	250.81 ± 87.08	0.03	23.17 ± 5.18	113.41 ± 21.96	0.02
TNF (ng/mL)	0.34 ± 0.03	0.39 ± 0.12	0.80	0.27 ± 0.05	0.51 ± 0.11	0.10	0.06 ± 0.03	0.48 ± 0.13	0.02
Haptoglobin (mg/mL)	0.19 ± 0.03	0.17 ± 0.01	0.54	0.15 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.02	0.05	0.12 ± 0.01	0.36 ± 0.10	0.05
SAA (ug/mL)	8447.67 ± 3373.28	19799.92 ± 4373.22	0.07	3461.25 ± 341.92	9732.1 ± 2625.98	0.03	10401 ± 1722.57	29300.17 ± 8108.13	0.05

¹ Cows were diagnosed with lameness (n = 6) ranging from week +1 to +3. CON = cows without lameness (healthy control); LAM = cows with lameness.