Table 1.

Summary of experimental set-ups and use of lameness references in studies using load cells.

	Experimental set-up						Lameness reference
Source	Sensor type	Number of cows	Normal routine	N° of variables per variable type	Automated measurements	In real- time	Person performing scoring	Number classes used	Cut-off levels for lameness
Rajkondawar et al. [8]	2 floor plates with 4 load cells	23	no	weight variables (6)	no	no	herdsman and veterinarian	1 to 5
Rajkondawar et al. [9]	2 floor plates with 4 load cells	31	no	weight variables (5)	yes	yes	observer	1 to 5	classes 1 - 2 - 3
Pastell and Kujala [19]	4 balance system on floor in milking robot	73	yes	weight variables (26)	yes	yes	observer	1 to 5	non-lame: 1 and 2 + no claw lesions lame: 3 and more
Chapinal et al. [23]	speed	66	no	speed	no	no	observer	1 to 5	non-lame: 1 - 2 lame: 3 - 4- 5
	weighing platform with 4 balances			weight variables (12)	no
	Pedometer			lying behaviour (2)	yes
Chapinal et al. [24]	speed	57	no	speed	no	no	observer	1 to 5	non-lame: 1 - 2 lame: 3 - 4- 5
	weighing platform with 4 balances			weight variables (12)	no
	Pedometer			lying behaviour (2)	yes
Pastell et al. [25]	weighing platform with 4 balances	55	no	weight variables (16)	no	no	observer	1 to 5	non-lame: 1 - 2 lame: 3 - 4- 5
Liu et al. [12]	StepMetrix	346	no	weight variables (5) and symmetry variables	yes	yes	observer	1 to 5	non-lame: 1 -2 (3) lame: (3) - 4 - 5
Chapinal and Tucker [26]	weighing platform with 4 balances	57	no	steps (validate by camera observations + frequency of steps + weight shifting	no	no	observer	1 to 5	non-lame: 1 - 2 - 3 lame: 4 - 5
Thorup et al. [16]	2 force plates with 4 load cells	9	no	Full curve symmetry in 3 dimensions	no	no	observer	1 to 5	Non-lame: 1 lame: 2 - 5

Normal Routine: cows walk in normal routine or were guided in an experimental set up: Automated: measurements were automated without presence of an operator; real-time: results of variables are available in real-time.