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. 2015 Aug 28;5(3):861–885. doi: 10.3390/ani5030388

Table 5.

Summary of experimental set-ups and use of lameness references in studies using available sensor data on farm.

Experimental set-up Lameness reference
Source Sensor type Number of cows Normal routine N° of variables per variable type Automated measurements In real-time Person performing scoring Number classes used Cut-off levels for lameness
De Mol et al. [59] activity data (7) 100 yes activity data (7) yes no herdsmen 1 to 5 non-lame: 1 lame: 3 - 4 - 5 (score 2 excluded)
Kramer et al. [67] milkmeters 81 yes milk yield yes Yes herdsman / Logbook lameness events
feeding and drinking behaviour feeding behavior (4) No
activity meters (neck) activity No
farm health records info preliminary diseases No
Miekley et al. [68] pedometers 653 yes activity data (1) yes no herdsmen and veterinarian Logbook lameness events
milking data milking data (2)
feeding data feeding data (3)
Miekley et al. [69] pedometer activity 315 yes activity data (1) yes no herdsmen and veterinarian Logbook lameness events
feeding patterns feeding data (3)
milking data (1) milking data (1)
feeding data (1) feeding data (1)
Kamphuis et al. [58] weight scales 318 lame and 3180 non-lame yes weight scales (1) yes yes (trained) herdsmen 1 to 5 Logbook lameness events
pedometers pedometers (1) no
milk meters milk meters (4) yes
Van Hertem et al. [40] neck activity 44 lame and 74 non-lame yes neck activity (1) yes no herdsmen Logbook lameness events
ruminating time ruminating time (1) no
milking data milking datad (5) yes
Garcia et al. [61] milking data neck activity 88 yes milking data (320) activity index no no observer 1 to 4 non-lame: 1 lame: 3 + 4 (score 2 excluded)
Norring et al. [70] automatic feeders milking data weight scales 50 yes Feeding behavior (4) milk yield and milking frequency body weight yes no observer 1 to 5 non-lame: 1 + 2 mildly lame: 3 severely lame: 4 + 5

Normal routine: cows walk in normal routine or were guided in an experimental set up; Automated: measurements were automated without presence of an operator; Real-time: results of variables are available in real-time.