TABLE 1.
Microarray-Identified Liver Genes Associated With NAFLD and Significantly Altered in Expression Levels (> 1.2-fold) by Low-Level Cd Treatment (n = 3 for each control and Cd group, P value < .05)
| Name | Symbol | Entrez Gene ID | Fold Change: Cd/CR | P Value | Functional Pathways |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin induced gene 2 | Insig2 | 72999 | 1.2 | .01 | Fatty acid synthesis and lipid metabolism |
| Interleukin 4 | Il4 | 16189 | 1.2 | .01 | |
| Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha | Ppargc1a/PGC-1α | 19017 | 1.2 | .02 | |
| Phospholipase A2, group IIE | phospholipase A2, group IIE | 26970 | −1.2 | .03 | |
| Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 13 | Slc2a13 | 239606 | −1.2 | .04 | |
| Oxysterol binding protein | Osbp | 76303 | 1.2 | 8.9E-04 | |
| BCL2-associated X protein | bax | 12028 | 1.2 | .02 | Cell death and survival |
| Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 3 | Faim3 | 69169 | −1.3 | .003 | |
| Fas-associated factor 1 | Faf1 | 14084 | 1.2 | .02 | |
| Fas (TNFRSF6) binding factor 1 | Fbf1 | 217335 | −1.2 | .02 | |
| Serine/threonine protein kinase PAK2 | pak2 | 224105 | 1.2 | .04 | |
| Heat shock protein 27 | hsp27 | 15507 | 1.3 | .04 | |
| Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 | Parp-1 | 11545 | 1.2 | .02 | |
| eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A | Eif2a | 229317 | 1.3 | .01 | |
| Androgen receptor | Ar | 11835 | 1.3 | .03 | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell formation |
| adaptor-related protein complex AP-1, sigma 3 | Ap1s3 | 252903 | −1.3 | .04 | |
| Jun oncogene | Jun | 16476 | 1.6 | .04 | |
| Protein kinase C | PKC | 30926 | 1.4 | .04 | |
| NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 7 | Ndufaf7 | 73694 | 1.3 | 2.0E-02 | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex 3 | Ndufb3 | 66495 | 1.2 | 3.9E-02 | |
| NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1 | Ndufs1 | 227197 | 1.2 | 2.0E-02 | |
| NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 5 | Ndufb5 | 66046 | 1.2 | 3.8E-03 | |
| NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 1 | Ndufa1 | 54405 | 1.2 | .04 | |
| NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2 | Ndufa4l2 | 407790 | −1.3 | 7.4E-03 | |
| Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein | Sdhc | 66052 | 1.2 | 3.3E-02 | |
| Succinate dehydrogenase complex assembly factor 2 | Sdhaf2 | 66072 | 1.2 | 2.4E-02 | |
| Succinate-Coenzyme A ligase, GDP-forming, beta subunit | Suclg2 | 20917 | 1.2 | .04 | |
| Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) | Sdhb | 67680 | 1.2 | 2.8E-03 | |
| Cytochrome b5 reductase 4 | Cyb5r4 | 266690 | 1.5 | .04 | |
| Cytochrome b-561 domain containing 2 | Cyb561d2 | 56368 | 1.3 | .02 | |
| Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1 | Cox4i1 | 12857 | 1.2 | 1.3E-02 | |
| Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein 15 | Cox15 | 226139 | 1.2 | .04 | |
| Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc | Cox6c | 12864 | 1.2 | 2.5E-02 | |
| Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa 2 | Cox7a2 | 12866 | 1.2 | 2.5E-02 | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase C | Ldhc | 16833 | −1.6 | 4.0E-03 | |
| ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, delta subunit | Atp5d | 66043 | 1.2 | 2.8E-02 | |
| Transforming growth factor, beta receptor I | Tgfbr1 | 21812 | 1.2 | .04 | Fibrosis |
| Derlin-2 | 1.3 | ER-associated protein degradation | |||
| EDEM | 1.2 |
Positive values of fold change indicate Cd-upregualted genes. Negative values of fold change indicate Cd-down regulated genes.