Figure 5.

Number of cognitive components. (a) Generalization power plotted as a function of the number of estimated cognitive components. Generalization power is flat from 8 to 14 components. (b) Illustration of the division of visual component into dorsal and ventral visual streams as the number of estimated components was increased from 12 to 13. Here, component ¹²C4 had high likelihood of activating occipital, superior parietal, and inferior temporal cortices. In contrast, component ¹³C4 had high likelihood of activating occipital and inferior temporal cortices, whereas component ¹³C5 had high likelihood of activating occipital and superior parietal cortices. The average of the Pr(voxel | component ¹³C4) and Pr(voxel | component ¹³C5) is strongly correlated with Pr(voxel | component ¹²C4) (see Supplementary Fig. 4), suggesting that the 13-component estimate arises from the subdivision of component ¹²C4 into components ¹³C4 and ¹³C5. This “nested ontology” phenomenon was observed for the flat part of the generalization power curve and in fact beyond it from 6 to 16 components. The flat generalization power and nested ontology suggest that estimates with different number of cognitive components might provide distinct insights into the organization of cognitive components. See Supplementary Figure 4 for quantification of the nested ontology. Supplementary Figure 5 and Table 1 illustrate other component fractionations.