Table 3.
Factors associated with overall survival (OS) in canine invasive mammary carcinomas (n = 150)
| Criteria | OS: Univariate analysis | OS: Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (log-rank test) N = 150 | (Cox regression model) N = 150 | |||||
| HR | 95 % CI | p-value | HR | 95 % CI | p-value | |
| Age | 0.005 | 0.002 | ||||
| <11 yrs | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | ||
| ≥11 yrs | 1.66 | 1.17–2.37 | 1.79 | 1.24–2.60 | ||
| Multifocality | 0.04 | 0.96 | ||||
| Unifocal | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | ||
| Multicentric | 1.89 | 1.01–3.54 | 1.02 | 0.51–2.04 | ||
| Lymph node status | <0.001 | |||||
| N0 | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | |
| N1 | 3.53 | 1.79–6.93 | ||||
| Histological grade | 0.006 | 0.53 | ||||
| Grade I | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| Grade II | 1.67 | 0.93–2.99 | 0.09 | 1.33 | 0.70–2.53 | 0.38 |
| Grade III | 2.37 | 1.35–4.18 | 0.003 | 1.42 | 0.77–2.62 | 0.26 |
| Lymphovascular invasion | <0.001 | 0.01 | ||||
| No LVI | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | ||
| LVI | 2.53 | 1.78–3.60 | 1.71 | 1.14–2.56 | ||
| Surgical margins | <0.001 | 0.006 | ||||
| Complete excision | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | ||
| Incomplete excision | 2.32 | 1.62–3.33 | 1.81 | 1.18–2.75 | ||
| Muscle infiltration | 0.001 | 0.77 | ||||
| No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | ||
| Yes | 1.86 | 1.27–2.71 | 1.07 | 0.70–1.63 | ||
| Peritumoral Inflammation | 0.02 | 0.04 | ||||
| No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | ||
| Yes | 1.53 | 1.08–2.17 | 1.53 | 1.03–2.29 | ||
| ER | 0.03 | |||||
| ≥ 10 % | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | |
| < 10 % | 1.48 | 1.04–2.11 | ||||
| Immunophenotype | 0.03 | 0.17 | ||||
| Luminal | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | ||
| Triple negative | 1.54 | 1.05–2.26 | 1.34 | 0.88–2.04 | ||
| IGF1R | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| weak (0–1+) | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| moderate (2+) | 1.31 | 0.81–2.10 | 0.27 | 1.40 | 0.85–2.33 | 0.19 |
| strong (3+) | 2.62 | 1.63–4.20 | <0.001 | 2.74 | 1.63–4.62 | 0.002 |
Univariate (log rank test) and multivariate survival analyses (Cox proportional hazard regression)
HR Hazard Ratio, 95 % CI 95 % Confidence Interval, ER Estrogen Receptor, IGF1R Insulin-like Growth Factor type 1 Receptor, LVI Lymphovascular Invasion
When several significant prognostic factors overlapped, only one was selected for the multivariate analysis (LVI was chosen between lymph node status and LVI because it could have been determined in all cases and immunophenotype was preferred to ER expression)