Table 4.
Results of the regression models
| Explanatory variables (Xi) | Dependent variable (Y) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct costs* |
Loss of productivity* |
EQ5D-VAS† |
EQ5D-3 L utility† |
EQ5D-5 L utility† |
||||||
| Coefficient | z (p-value) | Coefficient | z (p-value) | Coefficient | t (p-value) | Coefficient | t (p-Value) | Coefficient | t (p-value) | |
| Disease condition | ||||||||||
| Hepatitis (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cirrhosis | 5.04 | 2.77 (0.006) | 0.18 | 1.26 (0.206) | −4.79 | −1.86 (0.063) | −0.03 | −1.64 (0.101) | −0.05 | −3.06 (0.002) |
| HCC | 19.66 | 8.56 (0.000) | 0.32 | 2.62 (0.009) | −5.02 | −1.45 (0.147) | −0.06 | −1.53 (0.127) | −0.05 | −2.32 (0.021) |
| OLT | 26.66 | 7.18 (0.000) | 0.45 | 2.30 (0.021) | 4.03 | 1.43 (0.154) | −0.02 | −0.93 (0.350) | −0.01 | −0.65 (0.518) |
| Aetiology | ||||||||||
| HCV (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| HBV | −0.22 | −0.18 (0.858) | −0.22 | −1.97 (0.049) | 8.71 | 4.79 (0.000) | 0.04 | 2.80 (0.005) | 0.03 | 3.65 (0.000) |
| Other causes | 3.37 | 1.63 (0.103) | 0.10 | 0.59 (0.558) | 7.59 | 2.83 (0.005) | 0.05 | 2.26 (0.024) | 0.04 | 2.26 (0.024) |
| Age (years) | −0.04 | −0.88 (0.377) | −0.07 | −1.48 (0.140) | −0.19 | −2.94 (0.003) | −0.01 | −1.76 (0.080) | −0.01 | −1.28 (0.201) |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Female (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Male | −0.50 | −0.42 (0.672) | −0.08 | −0.90 (0.367) | 3.92 | 2.31 (0.021) | 0.03 | 2.07 (0.039) | 0.02 | 2.08 (0.038) |
| Time (years) from diagnosis | −0.07 | −1.50 (0.133) | −0.01 | −1.55 (0.120) | −0.05 | −0.59 (0.558) | −0.01 | −1.32 (0.186) | −0.01 | −1.10 (0.271) |
| Evaluation for liver transplantation | ||||||||||
| None (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| At least one | 9.10 | 3.98 (0.000) | −0.26 | −0.15 (0.880) | −0.70 | −0.20 (0.841) | 0.03 | 1.21 (0.228) | 0.02 | 1.26 (0.208) |
| Type of therapy | ||||||||||
| None (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Therapies including antiviral | 4.88 | 2.95 (0.003) | 0.25 | 2.07 (0.039) | −8.53 | −3.95 (0.000) | −0.04 | −4.02 (0.000) | −0.04 | −4.06 (0.000) |
| Other therapies only | 18.51 | 17.31 (0.000) | 0.31 | 2.06 (0.039) | −10.17 | −3.95 (0.000) | −0.08 | −3.30 (0.001) | −0.06 | −3.69 (0.000) |
| Working status | ||||||||||
| Paid/unpaid job, student (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Other | 0.92 | 0.79 (0.432) | −0.86 | −0.86 (0.387) | −2.20 | −1.37 (0.172) | 0.01 | 0.53 (0.598) | 0.01 | 0.89 (0.375) |
| HRQoL | ||||||||||
| EQ-5D-VAS | 0.01 | 0.59 (0.556) | −0.01 | −3.41 (0.001) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||
| No (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | – | – | – | – | 3.13 | 1.69 (0.091) | 0.01 | 1.18 (0.239) | 0.01 | 0.83 (0.408) |
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Single, divorced, widow (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Married | – | – | – | – | −1.18 | −0.10 (0.921) | 0.01 | 1.05 (0.292) | 0.16 | 1.60 (0.111) |
| Constant | 10.77 | 3.13 (0.002) | 1.99 | 5.60 (0.000) | 80.62 | 20.34 (0.000) | 0.94 | 36.73 (0.000) | 0.93 | 42.84 (0.000) |
*GLM link function specification: E(Y|X)=(constant+coeffi×Xi)2.
†Linear regression model: E(Y|X)=(constant+coeffi×Xi).
GLM, general linear models; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HRQoL, health-related-quality-of-life; OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation; VAS, visual analogue scale.