Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Patient population | N (D/C) | Male (%) (D/C) | Age (years) (D/C) | Depression criteria | Depression severity (scale, score) | OS markers | Prior AD exposure | AD treatment duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baek and Park38 | Outpatient | 80, 80 | 41, 48 | 44.9±1.8, 44.5±1.6 | DSM-IV | HAM-D (Korean 35.4±0.78) | TBARS (MDA) | n/a | n/a |
| Bajpai et al40 | Outpatient | 60, 40 | 42, 42 | n/a | DSM-IV | n/a | MDA | n/a | n/a |
| Bal et al24 | Outpatient | 42, 38 | 12, 16 | 44.1±12.3, 44.0±9.3 | DSM-IV | HAM-D | MDA | n/a | n/a |
| Bilici et al25 | Outpatient | 30, 32 | 30, 50 | 41.5±8.4, 42.1±7.4 | DSM-IV | HAM-D | MDA | n/a | Fluoxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, citalopram, 3 months |
| Dimopoulos26 | Community sample | 33, 33 | 39, 39 | 65.8±3.4, 65.4±4.1 | DSM-IV | GDS | 8-iso-PGF2α | n/a | n/a |
| Fadillioglu et al27 | Community sample | 8, 8 | 0, 0 | 20.3±0.6, 20.8±0.4 | DSM-IV | BDI: 25.3±1.1; HAM-D: 16.3±1.2 | MDA | n/a | n/a |
| Galecki et al28 | n/a | 50, 30 | 47, 44 | 36.7±5.2, 32.1±4.3 | DSM-IV | HAM-D: 32.3±6.2 | MDA | n/a | Fluoxetine, 3 weeks |
| Ghodake et al29 | Outpatient | 30, 30 | n/a | 32.2±6.4 | DSM-IV | n/a | MDA | n/a | AD as prescribed plus vitamin E and C supplements, 12 weeks |
| Khanzode et al30 | Outpatient | 62, 40 | 45, 55 | 43.8±12.9, 40.9±10.2 | DSM-IV | HAM-D: 25.1±4.4 (n=32, fluoxetine); 23.4±4.7 (n=30, citalopram) | MDA | n/a | Fluoxetine and citalopram, 12 weeks |
| Kotan et al31 | n/a | 50, 44 | 22, 23 | 33.1±10.0, 33.2±7.9 | DSM-IV | HAM-D: 30.4±3.0 | MDA | n/a | Venlafaxine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, milnacipran, fluoxetine, tianeptine, moclobemide, and escitalopram as prescribed, 24 weeks |
| Maes et al33 | Outpatient | 54, 37 | 43, 32 | 43.5±11.6, 43.6±11.1 | DSM-IV | HAM-D | oxLDL | Yes (n=25) | n/a |
| Maes et al32 | Outpatient | 74, 33 | 49, 39 | 40.3±9.8, 40.3±9.8 | DSM-IV | HAM-D: 22.4±2.1 (non-chronic depression, n=46); 23.4±2.8 (chronic depression, n=28) | MDA | n/a | n/a |
| Rybka et al39 | Geriatric clinic | 15, 19 | n/a | 59.7±1.9, 62.3±2.8 | ICD-10 | BDI: 17.7±1.1 | MDA | SSRI (60%), SNRI (35%), TCA (15%) | SSRI, SNRI, and TCA as prescribed |
| Selley34 | n/a | 25, 25 | 52, 48 | 46.1±12.4, 47.0±10.0 | DSM-IV | n/a | HNE | n/a | n/a |
| Stefanescu and Ciobica35 | Inpatient and outpatient | 31, 20 | 36, 35 | 47.5±7.9, 46.3±7.8 | DSM-IV | HAM-D: 21.6±5.6 | MDA | Mirtazapine (25%), venlafaxine (39%), tianeptine (19%), escitalopram (16%) | n/a |
| Vargas et al36 | Outpatient | 140, 201 | 24, 41 | 18–60 | DSM-IV | HAM-D: 14.4±9.4 (smokers, n=72); 6.9±7.9 (never-smokers, n=68) | LPH, MDA | n/a | n/a |
| Yager et al37 | Community sample | 73, 72 | 39, 41 | 28.4±9.1, 28.8±9.2 | DSM-IV | HAM-D | 8-iso-PGF2α | n/a | n/a |
Abbreviations: AD, antidepressant; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; D/C, depressed group/control group; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; HNE, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases-10; LPH, lipid hydroperoxide; MDA, malondialdehyde; n/a, not available; OS, oxidative stress; oxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; PGF2α, prostaglandin F2α; SNRI, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant.