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. 2015 May 10;6(18):16304–16320. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.4059

Figure 2. VDR signaling delays mammary tumor formation and alters disease progression in MMTV-Ron mice.

Figure 2

A. Mammary tumor kinetics from MMTV-Ron VDR+/+, VDR+/−, and VDR−/− mice. Between 22 and 33 female mice per genotype were examined temporally for palpable tumor formation. The percent tumor-free mice is plotted as a function of age and is statistically significant with complete VDR ablation compared to VDR haploinsufficiency and VDR wild type mice. Inset: The mean time-to-tumor onset was plotted for each genotype. B. Representative mammary glands (upper panels) and tumors (lower panels) from 8 month-old MMTV-Ron VDR+/+ and VDR−/− mice showing enhanced ductal dilation and desmoplasia with VDR ablation (n = 9-11 per genotype). C. Representative immunohistochemical staining for Ron in lung (upper panels) and liver (lower panels) sections from 10 month-old MMTV-Ron VDR+/+ and VDR−/− mice showing more metastases with loss of VDR (n = 5-6 per genotype). D. The average number of metastases per lung (n = 24-25) and liver (n = 14-19) per genotype as assessed by histological analysis is plotted. Data represent mean values ± SE. *P < 0.05.