SgK1 mRNA levels, protein expression, and phosphorylation status are altered during HF. A, During HF, SgK1 mRNA levels were upregulated compared with sham mice (n=6, P<0.05). Etn-treated HF mice showed SgK1 mRNA expression similar to that of untreated HF mice (n=6, P=0.2). B, HF induced an increase in SgK1 protein phosphorylation, which is significantly reduced after treating HF mice with Etn (n=5, P<0.05). HF had no effect on (C) SgK1 mRNA levels in TNF-α−/− mice (n=5, P=0.74) or (D) on SgK1 protein phosphorylation (n=5, P=0.38). Cerebral NF-kB (p65) was found to be activated during HF in (E) wild-type mice (n=5, versus <0.01) and (F) TNF-α deficient mice (n=5, P<0.01). *P<0.05 and **P<0.01. Etn indicates etanercept; HF, heart failure; NF-kB, nuclear factor-κB; p, phosphorylated; SgK1, serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.