Table 4.
Mean (SE) of 5 year change in features of the cortisol curve (derived from logged cortisol values) at the mean and +/− 1 standard deviation (SD) of neighborhood characteristics, longitudinal analysis a
| Category | Wake-up level (nmol/L) |
Cortisol awakening response (CAR) (nmol/L/hr) |
Early decline (nmol/L/hr) |
Late decline (nmol/L/8 hr) |
Wake-to-Bed Slope (nmol/L/8 hr) |
Areaunder the curve (AUC) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Poverty (N persons=465; N days=2,316, N samples=14,988) | ||||||
| 5 year change at −1 SD |
0.22 (0.05) | −0.41 (0.11) | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.15 (0.03) | 0.27 (0.03) | 0.12 (0.02) |
| 5 year change at mean |
0.16 (0.03) | −0.39 (0.08) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.17 (0.03) | 0.10 (0.02) |
| 5 year change at +1 SD |
0.10 (0.05) | −0.38 (0.11) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.13 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.02) |
| P for trend | 0.088 | 0.86 | 0.24 | 0.71 | <0.001 | 0.19 |
| Social Cohesion (N persons=368; N days=1,831, N samples=11,867) | ||||||
| 5 year change at −1 SD |
0.09 (0.06) | −0.44 (0.13) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.12 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.03) |
| 5 year change at mean |
0.14 (0.04) | −0.37 (0.08) | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.10 (0.02) |
| 5 year change at +1 SD |
0.18 (0.04) | −0.30 (0.10) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.15 (0.03) | 0.24 (0.03) | 0.12 (0.03) |
| P for trend | 0.22 | 0.36 | 0.93 | 0.54 | <0.001 | 0.11 |
| Safety (N persons=368; N days=1,831, N samples=11,867) | ||||||
| 5 year change at −1 SD |
0.15 (0.05) | −0.43 (0.11) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.12 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.03) |
| 5 year change at mean |
0.14 (0.04) | −0.37 (0.08) | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.10 (0.02) |
| 5 year change at +1 SD |
0.12 (0.05) | −0.32 (0.11) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.16 (0.03) | 0.19 (0.04) | 0.13 (0.03) |
| P for trend | 0.59 | 0.45 | 0.58 | 0.40 | 0.066 | 0.027 |
a
Means, mean +1 SD and mean −1 SD were calculated from unadjusted piecewise models with time since Stress 1 and where neighborhood characteristic of interest was specified as continuous. The p for trend is calculated as the continuous neighborhood characteristic interacted with time since Stress 1 and the appropriate knots.