. 2015 Aug 3;4(8):e001573. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001573

Table 2.

Data on Cognitive Decline in Atrial Fibrillation

Author	Year	Patients	AF Patients	Population	Follow-up	Cognitive Function Assessment	AF Association Cognitive Decline
Farina⁶²	1997	74	37	21 PAF, 16 persistent AF	Cross-section	MMSE^*	Statistically significant for persistent, not significant for paroxysmal
Ott⁶³	1997	6584	195	Mean age 69±9 years	Cross-section	MMSE and Geriatric Mental State Schedule	Adjusted OR 1.7 (1. 2 to 2.5)
Kilander⁶⁴	1998	952	44	Mean age 72±1 years	Cross-section	Trail Making Tests A and B, MMSE	Unadjusted, statistically significant
O’Connell⁶⁵	1998	81	27	Mean age 72±1 years	Cross-section	Mini-Mental Status^†	MMSE not statistically significant
Rozzini⁶⁶	1999	269	55	13 PAF, 42 persistent AF	Cross-section	MMSE	Adjusted OR for paroxysmal AF 1.2 (0.3 to 4.8), OR for persistent AF 3.2 (1.5 to 6.6)
Elias⁶⁷	2006	1011	59	Men, mean age 61 years	Cross-section	Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale^‡	Adjusted, statistically significant
Jozwiak⁶⁸	2006	2314	547	Median age 80 years (75 to 86)	Cross-section	MMSE	OR 1.56 (1.27 to 1.92, P =0.0001)
Debette⁶⁹	2007	83	32	Mean age 62 years	Cross-section	MMSE	Adjusted OR 8.1 (1.9 to 34.6, P =0.008)
Rastas⁷⁰	2007	553	122	85 years and older	Cross-section	MMSE^§	Unadjusted, not statistically significant
Knecht⁶⁰	2008	533	87	Mean age 63±8 years	Cross-section	Composite^\|\|	Adjusted, statistically significant
Bilato⁷¹	2009	1576	135	Mean age 74 years	Cross-section	MMSE	Adjusted OR 1.14 (0.73 to 1.80)
Bellomo⁷²	2012	57	26	Mean age 72±8 years	Cross-section	MMSE	Adjusted, statistically significant
Gaita⁷³	2013	270	180	61% with CHA₂-DS₂-VaSc <2	Cross-section	Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status	Unadjusted, statistically significant
Stefansdottir⁴¹	2013	4251	330	Mean age 76±5 years	Cross-section	Modified California Verbal Learning Test	Adjusted, statistically significant
Horstmann⁷⁴	2014	788	165	Mean age 67±14 years	Cross-section	Informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly	OR of 2.97 (1.0 to 8.8, P =0.05)
Tilvis⁷⁵	2004	650			Mean 5 years	MMSE and Clinical Dementia Rating	RR 2.8
Forti⁷⁶	2006	431	13	Mean age 75±5 years	Mean of 4 years	MMSE	Adjusted HR 1.10 (0.40 to 3.03)
Park⁴⁴	2007	362	174	Mean age 76 years	Mean 3 years	MMSE	No significant association
Peters⁷⁷	2009	3336	190	Mean age 53±6 years	Mean of 2 years	MMSE	HR 1.031 (0.619 to 1.718)
Bunch⁷⁸	2010	37 025	10 161	Mean age 61±18 years	Mean of 5 years	ICD-9 code for dementia	Adjusted OR 1.73 (P =0.001)
Dublin⁷⁹	2011	3045	402	Median age 74 years	Mean of 7 years	Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument	Adjusted HR 1.50 (1.16 to 1.94)
Li⁸⁰	2011	650	30	Mean age 67 years	Mean of 5 years	MMSE	Adjusted OR 1.09 (0.54 to 2.20, P =0.82)
Marengoni⁸¹	2011	785	68	Mean age 78 years	Mean of 4 years	MMSE	Adjusted HR 0.8 (0.4 to 1.5)
Marzona²²	2012	31 546	3068	Mean age 67±7 years	Median 56 months	MMSE	HR 1.30 (1.14 to 1.49)
Haring⁸²	2013	6455	255	Women age 60 to 84 years	Mean of 8 years	Annual modified MMSE	HR 1.25 (0.78 to 2.0)
Thacker⁸³	2013	5150	552	Mean age 73±5 years	Mean of 7 years	Annual modified MMSE	Adjusted, statistically significant
Chen⁴³	2014	935	48	Mean age 62±4 years	Median 10.6 years	Delayed word recall, digit symbol substitution, first-letter word fluency	Statistically significant

AF indicates atrial fibrillation; HR, hazard ratio; ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision; MMSE, Mini Mental Status Exam; OR, odds ratio; PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; RR, relative risk. Data are displayed as median (interquartile range), mean +/− standard devision, OR (95% confidence interval), and HR (95% confidence interval).

Also includes Weschsler Adult Intelligence, Logical Memory Test, Paired Associated Learning Test, Corsi’s Block Tapping Test, Attentional Matrices, Raven Progressive Matrices, Judgment of Line Orientation, Rey-Osterrieth Complex, Verbal Fluency for Letters, Wisconsin Sorting Card Test.

^†

Also includes National Adult Reading Test, Wechsler Logical Memory Test, Rey Complex Figure Test, Digit Span, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test.

^‡

Also includes Wechsler Memory Scale, Hooper Visual Organization Test, Halstead-Reitan Battery.

^§

Also includes Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, Clinical Dementia Rating.

^||

Auditory verbal learning test, Stroop test, Trail-making test, Wechsler Memory Scale, category and letter fluency, Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test, digit symbol substitution test.