. 2015 Aug 3;4(8):e001573. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001573

Table 3.

Data on Silent Cerebral Infarct in Atrial Fibrillation

Author	Year	Patients	Population	Design	Silent Cerebral Infarcts
Petersen⁹⁶	1987	58	29 (50%) with AF	AF patients matched to non-AF patients, single CT head	48% of AF patients and 28% of non-AF patients (P>0.10)
Kempster⁹⁷	1988	222	54 (24%) with AF	Retrospective analysis of patients with CT head	13% of AF patients and 4% of non-AF patients (P<0.05)
Raiha⁹⁵	1993	204	30 (15%) with AF	CT head scans from a geriatrics clinic	73% of AF patients and 48% of non-AF patients (P =0.0095)
Ezekowitz³⁹	1995	516	516 (100%) with AF	Noncontrast CT head done at beginning and end of study	15% of AF patients
de Leeuw⁹⁴	2000	1077	28 (3%) with AF		RR of white matter lesions 2.2 (95% CI 1.0, 5.2)
Gaita⁷³	2013	270	180 (67%) with AF	90 sinus rhythm, 90 paroxysmal AF, and 90 persistent AF	89% of paroxysmal AF, 92% of persistent AF, and 46% sinus rhythm
Stefansdottir⁴¹	2013	4251	330 (8%) with AF	Single MRI brain	49% of AF patients and 29% of non-AF patients (P<0.001)
Chen⁴³	2014	935	48 (5%) with AF	Serial MRI scan at baseline and 9 to 13 years later	33% of AF patients and 17% of non-AF patients

AF indicates atrial fibrillation; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; RR, relative risk.