Table 1.
Participant Demographic, Health Insurance, Admission, Medical, and Hospital Characteristics by Racial/Ethnic Group
| Variables | Overall (N=398 798) | Non-Hispanic White (n=275 938) | Non-Hispanic Black (n=75 934) | Hispanic (n=31 546) | Asian (n=13 172) | Other* (n=2208) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, y (median)† | 71 | 74 | 63 | 66 | 70 | 65 |
| Male, % | 49.6 | 49.6 | 47.9 | 52.8 | 52.0 | 50.1 |
| Health insurance status, % | ||||||
| Private/VA/Champus/Other | 44.2 | 48.0 | 35.7 | 33.0 | 40.0 | 43.1 |
| Medicaid | 10.5 | 6.4 | 19.6 | 21.4 | 19.5 | 19.5 |
| Medicare | 37.0 | 40.2 | 30.3 | 28.8 | 28.8 | 26.8 |
| Self-pay/no insurance | 7.6 | 5.0 | 13.5 | 16.2 | 10.5 | 9.3 |
| Medical history, % | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 16.8 | 20.0 | 8.2 | 10.7 | 14.2 | 13.7 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 29.3 | 28.6 | 33.3 | 27.5 | 24.7 | 29.7 |
| CAD/prior MI | 23.4 | 26.1 | 17.4 | 18.4 | 14.9 | 19.7 |
| Carotid stenosis | 3.2 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.4 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 32.1 | 28.3 | 40.5 | 43.1 | 35.4 | 44.5 |
| Hypertension | 75.7 | 73.7 | 83.3 | 75.4 | 76.2 | 76.0 |
| Dyslipidemia | 42.9 | 45.2 | 36.3 | 39.6 | 41.6 | 40.9 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 4.3 | 4.8 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 2.9 |
| Admission characteristics | ||||||
| Stroke type, % | ||||||
| Ischemic stroke | 85.6 | 86.9 | 85.7 | 81.4 | 76.7 | 82.4 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 10.6 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 13.5 | 18.6 | 12.6 |
| Stroke NOS | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.2 |
| NIH stroke scale (median)† | 4.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 |
| Unable to ambulate, % | 32.9 | 32.4 | 32.7 | 34.7 | 38.9 | 37.7 |
| On-hour arrival (Monday to Friday, 7 am to 6 pm), % | 54.8 | 55.6 | 52.9 | 53.5 | 51.2 | 52.1 |
| Hospital characteristics | ||||||
| Region, % | ||||||
| West | 18.6 | 18.2 | 7.4 | 31.6 | 54.0 | 55.8 |
| South | 36.7 | 34.0 | 50.2 | 38.7 | 14.2 | 20.0 |
| Midwest | 17.7 | 19.5 | 18.1 | 6.0 | 8.7 | 11.6 |
| Northeast | 27.0 | 28.4 | 24.3 | 23.8 | 23.0 | 12.6 |
| Number of beds (median)† | 363.0 | 348.0 | 424.0 | 377.0 | 359.0 | 361.0 |
| Teaching hospital, % | 57.4 | 54.1 | 68.8 | 56.9 | 61.5 | 64.5 |
| Site location, % | ||||||
| Rural | 4.7 | 5.9 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
| Urban | 95.3 | 94.1 | 97.5 | 99.1 | 98.0 | 93.5 |
P values are based on Pearson chi-square tests for all categorical row variables; for continuous/ordinal row variables, P values are based on Kruskal–Wallis tests. All tests treat the column variable as nominal (overall column excluded). All comparisons among racial/ethnic groups are statistically significant at P<0.0001. CAD indicates coronary artery disease; MI, myocardial infarction; NIH, National Institutes of Health; NOS, not otherwise specified; TIA, transient ischemic attack; US Department of Veterans Affairs.
Other races include Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, or Alaskan Native.
P values are based on Kruskal–Wallis tests.