Table 2.
EMS Use by Race/Ethnicity Among Male and Female Stroke Patients
| Subgroup | N | EMS Use, % | Unadjusted OR OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race/ethnicity and sex | ||||
| Men | ||||
| Male/black | 36 403 | 57.9 | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.94) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.03) |
| Male/Hispanic | 16 646 | 52.2 | 0.72 (0.69 to 0.76) | 0.77 (0.73 to 0.80) |
| Male/Asian | 6854 | 55.4 | 0.84 (0.79 to 0.89) | 0.80 (0.75 to 0.85) |
| Male/other | 1105 | 58.9 | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.19) | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.26) |
| Male/white | 136 773 | 57.0 | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Women | ||||
| Female/black | 39 531 | 58.0 | 0.75 (0.72 to 0.77) | 0.87 (0.84 to 0.91) |
| Female/Hispanic | 14 900 | 55.5 | 0.66 (0.63 to 0.69) | 0.71 (0.67 to 0.74) |
| Female/Asian | 6318 | 57.2 | 0.74 (0.70 to 0.79) | 0.71 (0.67 to 0.76) |
| Female/other | 1103 | 56.7 | 0.79 (0.69 to 0.91) | 0.89 (0.76 to 1.04) |
| Female/white | 139 165 | 62.0 | (Reference) | (Reference) |
EMS indicates emergency medical services; OR, odds ratio.
Adjusted model contains the following covariates: age, insurance, medical history, on-hours arrival, ability to ambulate at admission, initial examination findings, stroke type, and site characteristics. The race/ethnicity–sex interaction term was statistically significant (likelihood ratio chi-square 119.1, 4 degrees of freedom, P<0.001).