Table 3.
RRs (95% CIs) of Hypertension by Quartiles of Individual Plasma Inflammatory Markers
| Quartiles of Plasma Inflammatory Markers | Ptrend Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | ||
| CRP, mg/L | <0.35 | 0.35 to <0.72 | 0.72 to <1.50 | ≥1.50 | |
| Crude RR* | 1.00 (ref) | 1.27 (0.84 to 1.92) | 1.73 (1.13 to 2.63) | 1.81 (1.20 to 2.73) | 0.01 |
| Multivariate RR† (+ lifestyle risk factors) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.29 (0.84 to 1.96) | 1.75 (1.13 to 2.71) | 1.71 (1.11 to 2.62) | 0.033 |
| Multivariate RR‡ (+ cholesterol and diabetes) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.33 (0.87 to 2.04) | 1.74 (1.12 to 2.71) | 1.74 (1.13 to 2.69) | 0.032 |
| Multivariate RR§ (+ body mass index) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.24 (0.80 to 1.91) | 1.60 (1.02 to 2.51) | 1.47 (0.93 to 2.32) | 0.20 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | <0.71 | 0.71 to <0.94 | 0.94 to <1.31 | ≥1.31 | |
| Crude RR* | 1.00 (ref) | 1.22 (0.81 to 1.85) | 1.02 (0.68 to 1.55) | 1.51 (1.01 to 2.25) | 0.06 |
| Multivariate RR† (+ lifestyle risk factors) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.19 (0.77 to 1.83) | 0.98 (0.63 to 1.51) | 1.49 (0.97 to 2.29) | 0.07 |
| Multivariate RR‡ (+ cholesterol and diabetes) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.13 (0.73 to 1.77) | 0.99 (0.64 to 1.53) | 1.53 (0.98 to 2.37) | 0.05 |
| Multivariate RR§ (+ body mass index) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.08 (0.69 to 1.69) | 0.92 (0.59 to 1.44) | 1.36 (0.86 to 2.13) | 0.16 |
| sICAM-1, ng/mL | <271 | 271 to <302 | 302 to <332 | ≥332 | |
| Crude RR* | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (0.68 to 1.48) | 0.80 (0.53 to 1.19) | 1.26 (0.85 to 1.88) | 0.37 |
| Multivariate RR† (+ lifestyle risk factors) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.91 (0.61 to 1.37) | 0.84 (0.56 to 1.29) | 1.18 (0.78 to 1.80) | 0.51 |
| Multivariate RR‡ (+ cholesterol and diabetes) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.94 (0.62 to 1.43) | 0.82 (0.54 to 1.26) | 1.23 (0.80 to 1.88) | 0.44 |
| Multivariate RR§ (+ body mass index) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.89 (0.58 to 1.35) | 0.79 (0.51 to 1.22) | 1.18 (0.77 to 1.81) | 0.55 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | <109 | 109 to <146 | 146 to <205 | ≥205 | |
| Crude RR* | 1.00 (ref) | 1.61 (1.04 to 2.50) | 1.81 (1.14 to 2.89) | 1.52 (0.91 to 2.51) | 0.46 |
| Multivariate RR† (+ lifestyle risk factors) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.46 (0.92 to 2.30) | 1.86 (1.15 to 3.03) | 1.50 (0.88 to 2.55) | 0.38 |
| Multivariate RR‡ (+ cholesterol and diabetes) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.52 (0.96 to 2.42) | 1.87 (1.14 to 3.07) | 1.50 (0.88 to 2.56) | 0.44 |
| Multivariate RR§ (+ body mass index) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.48 (0.92 to 2.36) | 1.68 (1.01 to 2.78) | 1.38 (0.80 to 2.38) | 0.63 |
CI indicates confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; RR, relative risk; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
*
Matched on age, follow-up time, and date of hypertension, plus adjusted for randomized treatments.
†
Adjusted for the above plus smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and parental history of myocardial infarction <60 y.
‡
Adjusted for the above plus history of high cholesterol and diabetes mellitus.
§
Adjusted for the above plus body mass index.