Table 1.

Demographics, Past Medical History, and Laboratory Studies by Baseline Resting Heart Rate

	Heart Rate <60 bpm (n=207)	Heart Rate 60 to 79 bpm (n=1755)	Heart Rate 80 to 109 bpm (n=817)	Heart Rate ≥110 bpm (n=33)	P Value
Age, y	78 (71 to 83)	78 (70 to 83)	77 (70 to 82)	77 (69 to 85)	0.1
Female	32	38	42	42	0.048
Race					0.001
White	88	88	89	67
Black or African American	3.4	5.1	4.4	21
Hispanic	7.7	5.4	4.8	12
Other	0.97	1.6	1.7	0
Hypertension	89	86	88	88	0.3
Hyperlipidemia	78	75	73	82	0.3
Diabetes	32	32	33	42	0.6
History of CAD	39	40	38	36	0.8
Previous MI	19	19	17	12	0.5
Peripheral vascular disease	15	17	15	21	0.6
Previous stroke/TIA	21	17	17	30	0.1
Sinus node dysfunction	10	20	17	15	0.004
CHF					0.2
No CHF	60	59	57	55
NYHA Class I	10	12	13	12
NYHA Class II	24	19	21	12
NYHA Class III/IV	5.8	10	9.1	21
CHADS2 risk score, mean (SD)	2.7 (1.3)	2.6 (1.3)	2.6 (1.2)	2.9 (1.5)	0.5
CHA2DS2-VASc risk score, mean (SD)	4.3 (1.7)	4.3 (1.7)	4.4 (1.7)	4.7 (2.2)	0.8
Calculated creatinine clearance* (mL/min per 1.73 m2)	63.1 (46.7 to 89.1)	65.3 (48 to 89.3)	67.6 (48.7 to 91.5)	61.1 (46.9 to 84.5)	0.5
Left ventricular EF					0.4
Normal (≥50%)	69	67	66	73
Mild dysfunction (40% to 50%)	6.3	8	9.9	0
Moderate dysfunction (30% to 40%)	7.7	10	9.2	12
Severe dysfunction (<30%)	3.4	4.7	4.9	9.1

Values are presented as percentage or median (interquartile range), unless noted otherwise. P values were calculated across groups using the chi-square test for categorical variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. bpm indicates beats per minute; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; EF, ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association heart failure class; TIA, transient ischemic attack.

^*As calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula.¹⁴