Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Clinical or Echocardiographic Parameter | CRT OFF (n=191) | CRT ON (n=419) | All Patients (n=610) | Normal Values* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 61.8 (11.6) | 62.9 (10.6) | 62.5 (11.0) | |
| Male | 79.6% | 78.0% | 78.5% | |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 3.4% | 7.3% | 6.1% | |
| White | 93.2% | 89.9% | 90.9% | |
| Other | 3.4% | 2.8% | 3.0% | |
| NYHA | ||||
| Class I | 16.8% | 17.9% | 17.5% | |
| Class II | 83.3% | 82.1% | 82.5% | |
| Diabetes | 24.1% | 21.7% | 22.5% | |
| Hypertension | 51.3% | 52.0% | 51.8% | |
| Heart rate | 68.2 (10.9) | 66.9 (10.3) | 67.3 (10.5) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.0 (5.4) | 28.3 (5.2) | 28.5 (5.2) | |
| Ischemic etiology | 50.8% | 56.3% | 54.6% | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 123 (19) | 125 (19) | 125 (19) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 72 (12) | 72 (11) | 72 (11) | |
| ACE-I or ARB | 97.4% | 96.4% | 96.7% | |
| Beta blocker | 93.7% | 95.7% | 95.1% | |
| Eessb, mm Hg/mL | 0.83 (0.41) | 0.85 (0.39) | 0.84 (0.40) | 2.10 (0.67) |
| Stroke work, mL mm Hg | 6145 (2084) | 6351 (2282) | 6286 (2221) | 7560 (1770) |
| Stroke work/LVEDV, mm Hg | 23.6 (7.2) | 24.6 (7.2) | 24.3 (7.2) | 49 (9) |
| PRSW, g/cm2 | 38.7 (12.2) | 40.4 (11.2) | 39.8 (11.6) | 71 (14) |
| Ea, mm Hg/mL | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.39 (0.34) |
| Ea/Eessb | 2.4 (1.1) | 2.3 (0.8) | 2.3 (1.0) | 0.69 (0.15) |
| V0, mL | 39.4 (99.9) | 38.5 (73.6) | 38.8 (82.6) | −9 (17) |
| Stroke volume, mL | 68.9 (20.7) | 70.6 (23.2) | 70.0 (22.4) | 85 (17) |
| LVESV, mL | 203 (91) | 197 (74) | 199 (80) | 51 (19) |
| LVEDV, mL | 272 (102) | 268 (89) | 269 (93) | 136 (32) |
| LV mass, g/m2 | 137 (35) | 136 (33) | 137 (34) | 95 (19) |
| LVEF, % | 26.4 (6.7) | 27.2 (6.6) | 27.0 (6.6) | 64 (7) |
Continuous variables expressed as mean (SD); categorical variables as percentages. ACE-I indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; CRT OFF, control group; CRT ON, active cardiac resynchronization therapy group; Ea, effective arterial elastance; Eessb, single beat–derived end-systolic elastance; LV, left ventricular; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PRSW, preload recruitable stroke work; V0, volume intercept.
*
Normal values previously reported.12