Table 1.
Study Sample Description and Crude Odds of Readmission and Death at 30 Days
| Characteristics | MDS Cases (N=39 178), % (No.) | Crude Odds of Readmission at 30 Days | 95% CI | Crude Odds of Death at 30 Days | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 83 (7.7) | 0.99 | 0.98 to 0.99 | 1.06 | 1.06 to 1.07 |
| Age group to y | |||||
| 65 to 74 | 17 (6632) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 75 to 84 | 39 (15 388) | 0.94 | 0.88 to 1.00 | 1.57 | 1.35 to 1.81 |
| 85 to 94 | 40 (15 528) | 0.79 | 0.73 to 0.84 | 2.70 | 2.35 to 3.10 |
| ≥95 | 4 (1630) | 0.64 | 0.56 to 0.74 | 4.99 | 4.08 to 5.92 |
| Sex (male) | 35 (13 681) | 1.17 | 1.11 to 1.22 | 1.01 | 0.94 to 1.10 |
| Race | |||||
| White | 85 (32 859) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Black | 10 (3865) | 1.53 | 1.42 to 1.65 | 0.38 | 0.32 to 0.46 |
| Asian | 1.57 (608) | 1.48 | 1.23 to 1.77 | 0.67 | 0.47 to 0.95 |
| Hispanic | 3.2 (1253) | 1.28 | 1.11 to 1.46 | 0.64 | 0.49 to 0.82 |
| Native American | 0.3 (129) | 0.99 | 0.65 to 1.53 | 0.69 | 0.32 to 1.47 |
| Education level | |||||
| No schooling | 0.76 (296) | 0.95 | 0.71 to 1.27 | 1.15 | 0.70 to 1.88 |
| Grade 8 or less | 13 (4965) | 1.07 | 0.99 to 1.16 | 0.94 | 0.81 to 1.09 |
| Grades 9 to 11 | 10 (3998) | 1.03 | 0.95 to 1.13 | 0.96 | 0.82 to 1.13 |
| High school | 40 (15 825) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Technical | 4 (1476) | 0.90 | 0.78 to 1.03 | 0.91 | 0.71 to 1.17 |
| Some college | 10 (4055) | 0.91 | 0.83 to 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.72 to 1.00 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 6 (2406) | 0.93 | 0.83 to 1.04 | 0.90 | 0.73 to 1.10 |
| Graduate degree | 3 (1264) | 0.89 | 0.77 to 1.04 | 0.81 | 0.61 to 1.07 |
| Acute hospital LOS, median (IQR) | 6 (5 to 9) | 1.04 | 1.04 to 1.05 | 0.98 | 0.98 to 0.99 |
| Elixhauser score, mean (SD) | 3 (1.3) | 1.05 | 1.04 to 1.08 | 1.16 | 1.13 to 1.20 |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 15 (5877) | 1.08 | 1.00 to 1.15 | 1.00 | 0.88 to 1.13 |
| Dysrhythmia, n (%) | 27 (10 578) | 1.06 | 0.99 to 1.15 | 1.36 | 1.19 to 1.56 |
| CHF, n (%) | 17 (6660) | 1.26 | 1.19 to 1.34 | 1.42 | 1.29 to 1.57 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 82 (32 125) | 1.00 | 0.93 to 1.08 | 0.74 | 0.65 to 0.85 |
| Comatose, n (%) | 0.67 (257) | 0.43 | 0.29 to 0.64 | 58.2 | 43.3 to 78.2 |
| Aphasia, n (%) | 16 (6175) | 1.17 | 1.10 to 1.25 | 1.78 | 1.61 to 1.96 |
| Hemiparesis, n (%) | 35 (13 452) | 1.22 | 1.16 to 1.28 | 1.62 | 1.49 to 1.76 |
| Paraplegia, n (%) | 0.16 (60) | 1.22 | 0.68 to 2.19 | 2.39 | 1.13 to 5.03 |
| Quadriplegia, n (%) | 0.05 (18) | 1.04 | 0.34 to 3.17 | 3.09 | 0.90 to 10.7 |
| Feeding tube, n (%) | 12.1 (4658) | 2.25 | 2.11 to 2.40 | 1.58 | 1.41 to 1.77 |
| Tracheostomy, n (%) | 0.44 (170) | 3.11 | 2.30 to 4.22 | 0.87 | 0.44 to 1.70 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 21 (8063) | 0.84 | 0.79 to 0.90 | 0.74 | 0.67 to 0.83 |
| Depression, n (%) | 22 (8448) | 0.88 | 0.83 to 0.94 | 0.61 | 0.54 to 0.69 |
| Anxiety disorder, n (%) | 9 (3571) | 0.84 | 0.77 to 0.92 | 0.53 | 0.45 to 0.63 |
| Seizure disorder, n (%) | 5 (1727) | 1.16 | 1.02 to 1.30 | 0.78 | 0.58 to 1.03 |
| Current tobacco, n (%) | 5.5 (1883) | 1.01 | 0.90 to 1.14 | 0.71 | 0.55 to 0.91 |
| COPD, n (%) | 14 (5269) | 1.26 | 1.18 to 1.35 | 0.90 | 0.79 to 1.02 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 8 (2501) | 1.05 | 0.95 to 1.17 | 1.88 | 1.58 to 2.24 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 6 (2512) | 1.29 | 1.18 to 1.42 | 0.92 | 0.78 to 1.09 |
| C. difficile, n (%)* | 0.9 (325) | 2.04 | 1.63 to 2.57 | 1.02 | 0.65 to 1.60 |
| Pneumonia, n (%)* | 7 (2674) | 1.46 | 1.34 to 1.60 | 1.98 | 1.74 to 2.26 |
| Active DNR order, n (%) | 37 (14 216) | 0.64 | 0.60 to 0.67 | 6.15 | 5.58 to 6.79 |
| Active DNH order, n (%) | 2 (787) | 0.31 | 0.25 to 0.41 | 13.7 | 11.8 to 15.9 |
| Hospice care, n (%) | 0.8 (322) | 0.20 | 0.12 to 0.33 | 24.2 | 19.3 to 30.3 |
| Non–English first language, n (%) | 4.5 (1.586) | 1.29 | 1.15 to 1.46 | 0.50 | 0.37 to 0.68 |
CHF indicates congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DNH, do not hospitalize; DNR, do not resuscitate; LOS, length of stay; MDS, Minimum Data Set.
*
Infections are documented if they occurred within 7 days of the assessment.