Table 5.

Clinical Outcomes, Quality Metrics, and Resource Utilization

Event	LMIV Patients (n=569)	HMIV Patients (n=17 553)	P Value
Adverse cardiovascular events in ICU*
Other acute coronary syndrome, %	5	4	0.06
Cardiac arrest, %	1	2	0.44
Atrial arrhythmia, %	8	4	<0.001
Ventricular arrhythmia, %	2	2	0.41
Cardiogenic shock, %	3	2	0.16
Hypotension, %	8	2	<0.001
Adverse noncardiovascular events*
Sepsis, %	2	<1	<0.001
Pneumonia, %	5	1	<0.001
Respiratory failure, %	14	4	<0.001
Acute renal failure, %	9	3	<0.001
Gastrointestinal bleeding, %	3	1	<0.001
Disposition from ICU
Home, %	4	10	<0.001
Hospital floor, %	56	61	0.020
Telemetry floor, %	10	13	0.06
Step-down unit, %	7	6	0.21
Other ICU, %	14	4	<0.001
ICU quality indicators
At risk for venous thromboembolism, %	53	44	0.06
At risk for venous thromboembolism and receiving prophylaxis, %	96	90	0.012
Ventilated >24 hours at risk for stress ulcers, %	7	2	<0.001
Ventilated >24 hours receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis, %	100	98	1.00
β-Blockers contraindicated despite AMI, %	19	10	<0.001
β-Blockers prescribed among AMI patients without contraindications, %	84	88	0.11
ST-elevation AMI treated with mechanical or thrombolytic revascularization within 24 hours, %	80	89	0.047
eICU® resource utilization
eICU physician interventions per day	1.0±3.6	0.4±1.4	<0.001
eICU non-physician interventions per day	0.1±0.5	0.2±0.7	<0.001

AMI indicates acute myocardial infarction; eICU®, remote ICU monitoring system; HMIV and LMIV, high and low annual volume of acute myocardial infarction, respectively; ICU, intensive care unit.

^*Occurring within 24 hours of ICU admission.