Table 1.
Bivariate Analysis of Characteristics Associated With Spironolactone Therapy Among Ideal Patients
| Characteristics | No. of Patients With Characteristic | % of Receiving Spironolactone | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| All ideal patients | 637 | 66.4 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | |||
| <65 | 216 | 55.1 | <0.0001 |
| ≥65 | 421 | 72.2 | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 431 | 64.5 | 0.141 |
| Female | 206 | 70.4 | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 265 | 61.1 | 0.017 |
| Yes | 372 | 70.2 | |
| Diabetes | |||
| No | 388 | 67.5 | 0.455 |
| Yes | 249 | 64.7 | |
| Current smoking | |||
| No | 438 | 69.2 | 0.028 |
| Yes | 199 | 60.3 | |
| Medical history | |||
| Myocardial infarction | |||
| No | 510 | 66.1 | 0.727 |
| Yes | 127 | 67.7 | |
| Clinical characteristics at admission | |||
| Cardiogenic shock | |||
| No | 600 | 66.5 | 0.838 |
| Yes | 37 | 64.9 | |
| Heart failure | |||
| No | 201 | 52.2 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 436 | 72.9 | |
| AMI type | |||
| STEMI | 530 | 64.5 | 0.026 |
| NSTEMI/uncertain | 107 | 75.7 | |
| SBP, mm Hg | |||
| <90 | 20 | 75 | 0.464 |
| 90 to 139 | 410 | 64.9 | |
| ≥140 | 207 | 68.6 | |
| Heart rate, beats/min | |||
| <60 | 38 | 60.5 | 0.003 |
| 60 to 90 | 327 | 60.9 | |
| >90 | 272 | 73.9 | |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | |||
| <60 | 169 | 63.3 | <0.0001 |
| 60 to 89 | 207 | 63.8 | |
| ≥90 | 131 | 56.5 | |
| Unmeasured | 130 | 84.6 | |
| Treatment | |||
| ACE inhibitor/ARB use | |||
| No | 161 | 59.0 | 0.021 |
| Yes | 476 | 68.9 | |
| Beta-blocker use | |||
| No | 179 | 71.0 | 0.129 |
| Yes | 458 | 64.6 | |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB+beta-blocker | |||
| No | 270 | 67.0 | 0.772 |
| Yes | 367 | 65.9 | |
| Hospital level | |||
| Teaching hospital | |||
| No | 86 | 58.1 | 0.081 |
| Yes | 551 | 67.7 | |
| PCI-capable hospital | |||
| No | 153 | 51.6 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 484 | 71.1 | |
| Economic-geographical region | |||
| Eastern | 391 | 67.3 | 0.532 |
| Central | 136 | 67.6 | |
| Western | 110 | 61.8 | |
| Urban/rural | |||
| Urban | 180 | 61.7 | 0.112 |
| Rural | 457 | 68.3 | |
| Year | |||
| 2001 | 38 | 31.6 | <0.0001 |
| 2006 | 174 | 66.7 | |
| 2011 | 425 | 69.4 | |
ACE inhibitor indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP, systolic blood pressure; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.