. 2015 May 28;4(6):e001833. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.001833

Table 2.

Study Design and Assay Methods of the 22 Prospective Studies

Study Acronym	Study Design							Measurement of Dimethylarginines
Study Acronym	Country	Study Baseline	Population Source	Baseline Disease	No. of Participants	Mean Age, y	Male, %	Sample Type	Storage Temperature, °C	Assay Method	Manufacturers or Assay Source	Mean ADMA, μmol/L	Mean SDMA, μmol/L
General population
BRUNECK²⁸	Italy	2000–2010	Population register	—	685	66	48	Plasma	−70°	LC-MS/MS	ABSciex API 4000	0.97	0.65
DHS³³	US	2000–2002	Population register	—	3523	43	44	Plasma	−70°	LC-MS/MS	Varian 1200L	N/R	N/R
GetABI (no PAD)³⁴	Germany	2001–2006	GP register	—	1187	72	42	Plasma	N/R	LC-MS/MS	Varian 1200L	0.60	0.48
INCHIANTI³⁵	Italy	1998–2000	Population register	—	1025	75	44	Serum	−80°	LC-MS/MS	Varian 1200L	0.5	—
KIHD³⁶	Finland	1991–1993	Population register	—	150	58	100	Serum	−80°	HPLC	N/R	0.51	—
KVINNOSTUDIEN³⁷	Sweden	1968–1969	Population register	—	880	46	0	Serum	−20°	HPLC	In house	0.62	—
MDC³⁸	Sweden	1991–1996	Population register	—	506	58	40	Plasma	N/R	LC-MS/MS	N/R	N/R	—
MONICA/KORA³⁹	Germany	1989–1995	Population register	—	342	61	100	Plasma	−70°	ELISA	DLD Diagnostica	0.79	—
Populations with pre-existing CVD
AtheroGene⁴⁰	Germany	1999–2004	Hospital	Confirmed CAD	1874	61	79	Serum	−80°	ELISA	DLD Diagnostica	0.68	—
BECAC⁴¹	Norway	2000–2004	Hospital	Suspected CAD	1364	61	75	Plasma	−80°	LC-MS/MS	Bevital AS	0.59^*	—
Cavalca et al⁴²	Italy	2005–2007	Hospital	NSTEMI	104	67	74	Plasma	−80°	HPLC	ESA Biosciences	0.43	0.49
Cavusoglu et al⁴³	US	1999–2002	Hospital	Suspected CAD	182	65	100	Plasma	−70°	ELISA	DLD Diagnostica	N/R	—
GeneBank⁴⁴	US	N/R	Hospital	Suspected CAD	1011	64	47	Plasma	−80°	HPLC	In-house	1.03^*	0.65^*
GetABI (PAD)³⁴	Germany	2001–2006	GP register	PAD	1260	74	46	Plasma	N/R	LC-MS/MS	Varian 1200L	0.63	0.51
KAROLA⁴⁵	Germany	1999–2000	Hospital	CHD	1148	59	85	Plasma	−80°	LC-MS/MS	Varian 1200L	0.57	0.53
Lu et al⁴⁶	Taiwan	1999–2001	Hospital	Suspected CAD	103	71	87	Plasma	−70°	HPLC	Waters 470	0.56	0.58
Lu et al⁴⁷	Taiwan	2006–2009	Hospital	Suspected CAD	997	67	79	Plasma	−70°	HPLC	Waters 470	0.45	—
Populations with pre-existing kidney disease
ALERT⁴⁸	Multi-national	1996–1997	Hospital	KTx	1847	50	66	Serum	−80°	HPLC	N/R	0.77^*	—
CREED⁴⁹^,⁵⁰	Italy	1997–1998	Hospital	CKD stage 5	283	61	56	Plasma	−80°	HPLC	Varian	3.03^*	—
Ignjatovic et al⁵¹	Serbia	N/R	Hospital	Hemodialysis	153	58	70	Plasma	N/R	HPLC	Agilent 1200	0.44	0.94
MDRD⁵²	US	1989–1993	Hospital	CKD stage 3/4	821	52	60	Serum	−70°	ELISA	DLD Diagnostica	0.73	—
SDC⁵³	Denmark	1993	Hospital	Diab. nephropathy	397	42	61	Plasma	N/R	HPLC	N/R	0.46	—
Total		1968–2010			19 842	58	58					0.71	0.56

Full study names: ALERT, Assessment of Lescol in Renal Transplantation Study; BECAC, Bergen coronary angiography cohort; BRUNECK, Bruneck Study; CREED, Cardiovascular Risk Extended Evaluation in Dialysis; DHS, Dallas Heart Study; GetABI, German Epidemiological Trial on Ankle Brachial Index; INCHIANTI, Invecchiare in Chianti Study; KAROLA, Langzeiterfolge der KARdiOLogischen Anschlussheilbehandlung; KIHD, Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Study; KVINNOSTUDIEN, Kvinnostudien Population Study of Women in Gothenburg; MDC, Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study; MONICA/KORA, Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease Augsburg; SDC, Steno Diabetes Center. ADMA indicates asymmetric dimethylarginine; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GP, general practitioner; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; KTx, kidney transplant; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry; N/R, not reported; NSTEMI, non ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; SDMA, symmetric dimethylarginine.

Median.