Table IV.
Top-ranked GSN with gene hubs and functions for saline (SAL), D-UFCB, D-SWCNT, D-MWCNT and ASB cells compared to dispersant-only-exposed human SAECs.
| Gene hub *,†,‡ | IPA functions | Score |
|---|---|---|
| SAL | ||
| RELA↑ | Cell death, embryonic development, immunological disease | 38 |
| PRKCA↑, Histone h3 | Ophthalmic disease, metabolic disease, psychological disorders | 36 |
| CEBPA↑, PTPN6↓, peptidylpropyl isomerases↑↓ | Connective tissue development, tissue development, gene expression | 36 |
| VHL↑ | Post-translational modification, drug metabolism, molecular transport | 36 |
| VEGFA↑, FOXO1↓ | Organ morphology, nervous system development, cardiovascular system development | 36 |
| Akt | Embryonic development, tissue development, developmental disorder | 34 |
| FOS↑ | Gene expression, genetic disorder, metabolic disease | 32 |
| Caspases 2/8↑, VIM↑, PLA2G4A↑ | Cardiovascular system development, cell morphology, carbohydrate metabolism | 32 |
| TP53↑, RELA↑, MMP2↑ | Genetic disorder, skeletal and muscular disorders, cellular proliferation | 31 |
| PTK2↑, Cadherins↑, Collagens↑↓ | Cellular movement, connective tissue disorders, genetic disorder | 28 |
| D-UFCB | ||
| GAS7↑, MAPK6↓, SF3A1 | Cellular organisation, RNA post-translational modification, cellular development | 47 |
| TP53↓ | Lipid metabolism, small-molecule biochemistry, cell cycle | 40 |
| NR3C1↓, NFYB↓, RNA polymerase | Amino acid metabolism, small-molecule biochemistry, genetic disorder | 38 |
| Akt, CAV2↓ | Cellular organisation, cell signalling, cellular maintenance | 36 |
| NFκB complex | Cell signalling, amino acid metabolism, cellular organisation | 34 |
| Histone H3↑, Histone 4 | Infection mechanism, cellular development, cellular proliferation | 34 |
| Erk 1/2, PPP2R5C↓ | Cancer, reproductive system disease, nervous system function | 28 |
| Jnk, Msn↓ | Cancer, reproductive system disease, cell morphology | 28 |
| SHH↑, RUNX2↓, Mapk↓ | Cell cycle, cellular proliferation, connective tissue disorders | 28 |
| CSF2↑, CSF1↓, BCL2↑, STAT5 | Lymphoid tissue structure, organ development, cellular development | 28 |
| D-SWCNT | ||
| FOS↑ | Amino acid metabolism, small-molecule biochemistry, drug metabolism | 40 |
| ARRB1↑, INHBA↓, SMAD5↑, ID2↓ | Gene expression, genetic disorder, liver cirrhosis | 38 |
| Vegf, Fsh, Ap1↑ | Cellular proliferation, haematological function, carbohydrate metabolism | 34 |
| NFKB2↓ | Lipid metabolism, molecular transport, small-molecule biochemistry | 32 |
| PPARG↑, LIF↓, SATB1↓ | Cellular movement, embryonic development, reproductive function | 32 |
| MYC↑ | Amino acid metabolism, drug metabolism, small-molecule biochemistry | 32 |
| FOXO1↑, Insulin, RXR retinoic acid | Cardiac enlargement, organ morphology, cellular proliferation | 28 |
| Clathrins↑↓, AMPH↓, Erk1/2 | Infection mechanism, infectious disease, cancer | 28 |
| Jnk↑, C1QBP↑, Snare↑↓ | Dental disease, cell death, auditory disease | 28 |
| POU5F1↓, UBE2D1↑, Ubiquitin | Nervous system function, tissue development, RNA damage and repair | 27 |
| D-MWCNT | ||
| NFKB2↓ | Lipid metabolism, molecular transport, small-molecule biochemistry | 40 |
| MYC↑, TAL1↓, CDC42↓ | Cancer, haematological disease, immunological disease | 36 |
| Ck2, PPARG↑, Rxr | Lipid metabolism, molecular transport, small-molecule biochemistry | 35 |
| Actin↓, FOXA2↓, G-Actin↓, Tubulin↓ | Cardiovascular function, organ morphology, DNA replication and repair | 31 |
| E2F6↑, Alpha tubulin↓, Hdac↓, HIST1H4C↑ | Cancer, dermatological diseases, gastrointestinal disease | 30 |
| MMP15↓, IGF2↓, Collagen↑↓, Tgfb | Cellular proliferation, tumour morphology, infection mechanism | 28 |
| Collagen↑↓, COL1A1↓, PLAU↓, PI3K complex↑↓ | Connective tissue disorders, genetic disorder, dermatological diseases | 28 |
| F-Actin↑↓, Pkc(s), Filamin, SNAP25↓ | Cellular movement, nervous system function, neurological disease | 27 |
| CDK8↑, Histone H3↓, Mediator↑ | Gene expression, amino acid metabolism, post-translational modification | 27 |
| TNFSF10↑, Jnk, Ubiquitin, Ikb↓ | Infection mechanism, cell death, cellular development | 25 |
| ASB | ||
| SRC↑, SNAP25↓ | Cellular assembly/organisation, cellular maintenance, molecular transport | 39 |
| PRKACB↓, hCG complex↓ | Cell signalling, molecular transport, nucleic acid metabolism | 37 |
| IGF1R↓, FGFR1/2↓ | Cell death, cellular maintenance, cellular development | 35 |
| SPI1↑, Vegf, MHC Class II ↑ | Inflammatory response, cellular assembly/organisation, cellular maintenance | 32 |
| TREM1 ↑, HDAC11 ↓ | Cell-to-cell signalling, haematological system development, inflammatory response | 30 |
| NFκB complex | Cell-to-cell signalling, haematological system development, haematopoiesis | 29 |
| Akt, NCOR1 ↑ | Drug metabolism, small-molecule biochemistry, gene expression | 29 |
| Creb, PCNA ↓, MMP2 ↓, FN1 ↓ | Cellular movement, tumour morphology, cellular development | 29 |
| Erk, Tgfb, SMAD6/7 ↓ | Cellular development, cellular proliferation, connective tissue development | 27 |
| SNCA, Caspase | Cell death, post-translational modification, protein folding | 26 |
*
Direction of arrow indicates over- or under-expression. Bold and lowercase letters indicate genes and complexes, respectively;
†
Genes or complexes with no arrow represent signalling hubs that were not differentially expressed;
‡
Arrows (↑↓) represent multiple genes within a complex experiencing over- and under-expression, respectively.