Table 2. Hepatic mRNA expression of FGF21, FGF21 binding, and genes associated with circadian rhythms and insulin signaling in cows fed control (0 L-carnitine; n = 6) and dietary L-carnitine at a rate of 50 g/d (C50; n = 6) or 100 g/d (C100; n = 6) from d −14 through 21 around parturition.
Liver biopsies harvested at d 2 and 10 postpartum before the morning meal. The 95% confidence interval is reported in parentheses.
| Gene | Day | Treatment | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | C50 | C100 | Diet (T) | Day (D) | T × D | ||
| FGF21 | 2 | 0.89 (0.52 to 1.22) | 0.32 (0.19 to 0.53) | 0.62* (0.40 to 0.74) | 0.21 | 0.85 | 0.03 |
| 10 | 1.34 A (0.80 to 1.51) | 0.51 A B (0.30 to 0.84) | 0.23 B * (0.15 to 0.34) | ||||
| PPARA | 2 | 1.16 (1.04 to 1.29) | 1.06* (0.97 to 1.18) | 1.11 (0.99 to 1.24) | 0.08 | 0.68 | 0.02 |
| 10 | 1.23 A (1.14 to 1.37) | 1.33 A * (1.23 to 1.50) | 1.04 B (0.93 to 1.10) | ||||
| KLB | 2 | 1.08 (0.95 to 1.23) | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.05) | 1.06* (0.92 to 1.21) | <0.01 | 0.46 | <0.01 |
| 10 | 1.06 A (0.94 to 1.20) | 1.02 A (0.90 to 1.16) | 0.69 B * (0.60 to 0.80) | ||||
| CPT1A | 2 | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.12) | 0.91* (0.82 to 1.02) | 1.06 (0.94 to 1.19) | 0.81 | 0.39 | 0.05 |
| 10 | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.25) | 1.11* (1.04 to 1.24) | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.02) | ||||
| ANGPTL4 | 2 | 0.73 A * (0.63 to 0.85) | 1.23 B (1.06 to 1.42) | 1.26 B * (1.07 to 1.48) | 0.23 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 10 | 1.05 A * (0.91 to 1.21) | 1.01 A (0.87 to 1.16) | 0.53 B * (0.45 to 0.62) | ||||
| ARNTL | 2 | 0.37 (0.28 to 0.48) | 0.24 (0.19 to 0.32) | 0.30* (0.23 to 0.39) | 0.37 | 0.41 | <0.05 |
| 10 | 0.33 A (0.25 to 0.42) | 0.33 A (0.26 to 0.42) | 0.17 B * (0.13 to 0.22) | ||||
| CLOCK | 2 | 0.73 A (0.45 to 1.19) | 0.08 B * (0.05 to 0.14) | 0.93 A (0.53 to 1.60) | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.06 |
| 10 | 0.76 (0.47 to 1.23) | 0.36* (0.24 to 0.62) | 1.05 (0.59 to 1.82) | ||||
| NFIL3 | 2 | 0.98 A * (0.88 to 1.10) | 1.34 B * (1.20 to 1.50) | 1.21 A B (1.06 to 1.36) | <0.01 | 0.14 | 0.03 |
| 10 | 1.35 A B * (1.22 to 1.56) | 1.72 B * (1.54 to 1.92) | 1.21 A (1.07 to 1.36) | ||||
| AKT1 | 2 | 0.12 (0.10 to 0.14) | 0.13 (0.11 to 0.15) | 0.16 (0.14 to 0.18) | 0.33 | 0.49 | 0.26 |
| 10 | 0.13 (0.12 to 0.15) | 0.14 (0.13 to 0.16) | 0.15 (0.13 to 0.17) | ||||
1Calculated after normalization with the geometric mean of UXT, GAPDH and RPS9 (see materials and methods).
*Means within the treatment group differ (P < 0.05) between d 2 and 10.
ABCWithin time point (d 2 and 10), treatment means (CON, C50 and C100) without a common superscript differ (P < 0.05).