Table 1. Characteristics of the southern county of Taiwan population overall and results of anti-leptospira antibody by microscopic agglutination test (MAT).
| Characteristic | Anti-leptospira antibody | P Value 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 3,045) | Positive (N = 1,034) | Negative (N = 2,011) | ||
| Demographic characteristic | % (n/N) 1 | % (n/N) 1 | % (n/N) 1 | |
| Age (y), mean± SD | 46.6 ± 0.7 | 47.8 ± 0.5 | 45.0 ± 0.9 | <0.001 3 |
| Male (%) | 48.8 (1484/3045) | 48.5 (502/1034) | 49.3 (982/2011) | 0.6 |
| Years of education (%) | ||||
| 6 | 23.0 (802/3017) | 23.3 (289/1024) | 22.8 (513/1993) | 1.0 |
| 6–12 | 48.5 (1399/3017) | 48.0 (462/1024) | 48.9 (937/1993) | |
| ≥13 | 28.5 (816/3017) | 28.7 (273/1024) | 28.3 (543/1993) | |
| Annual income (%) | ||||
| <13,000 (US dollars) | 52.1 (1612/2902) | 49.0 (534/982) | 53.5 (1078/1920) | 0.15 |
| ≥13,000 (US dollars) | 47.9 (1290/2902) | 51.0 (448/982) | 46.5 (842/1920) | |
| Medical history (%) | ||||
| DM | 5.0 (172/3026) | 5.7 (67/1025) | 4.6 (105/2001) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 14.0 (456/3026) | 14.0 (159/1025) | 14.0 (297/2001) | 1.0 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 4.8 (154/3026) | 4.6 (46/1025) | 5.0 (108/2001) | 0.6 |
| Gout or hyperuricemia | 5.0 (154/3025) | 5.1 (47/1025) | 4.9 (107/2000) | 0.8 |
| Urinary tract disease | 4.3 (135/3026) | 4.8 (45/1025) | 4.2 (90/2001) | 0.2 |
| Health-related behaviors (%) | ||||
| Chinese herb use | 18.8 (564/3003) | 19.6 (197/1019) | 18.2 (367/1984) | 0.1 |
| Oral analgesic use | 11.2 (321/2998) | 11.5 (112/1015) | 11.0 (209/1983) | 0.8 |
| Analgesic injection | 5.2 (160/2983) | 5.1 (55/1011) | 5.4 (105/1972) | 0.8 |
| Cigarette smoking | 25.2 (761/3020) | 25.7 (269/1021) | 24.7 (492/1999) | 0.4 |
| Alcohol | 16.0 (502/3012) | 15.2 (172/1019) | 16.4 (330/1993) | 0.2 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 18.3 (568/3045) | 19.0 (202/1034) | 18.0 (366/2011) | 0.6 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl), mean± SD | 14.2 ± 0.05 | 14.2 ± 0.08 | 14.2 ± 0.03 | 1.0 3 |
| Positive for HBs Ag (%) | 12.9 (383/3045) | 12.1 (123/1034) | 13.6 (260/2011) | 0.01 |
| Positive for anti-HCV Ab (%) | 5.0 (166/3045) | 3.9 (45/1034) | 5.4 (121/2011) | 0.02 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m 2 ), mean± SD | 100.0 ± 0.4 | 98.3 ± 0.4 | 100.8 ± 0.6 | <0.001 3 |
Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated GFR as calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation; SD, standard deviation; DM, diabetes mellitus; HBs Ag, hepatitis B virus surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus.
1Survey-based weighted percentage (raw n/N)
2P-values for Survey-based Chi-squared test
3P-values for survey-based t-test