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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Apr 9;1354(1):98–110. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12755

Table 1.

EGS technology applied to infectious diseases

Organism Diseasea Target Chemical nature of
EGS		 Proof-of-concept
system		 Reference
HIV-1 AIDS tat and LTR RNAb COS cells (mouse) 62
Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis pgRNA, S mRNA, pre-S/L mRNA RNAb,c HepG2 and
HepG2.2.15 cells
(human)b 		66, 67
Micec
Murine cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus
infection		 mPR RNAc J774c, human U373MGb cells (human) 36, 72, 74
Micec
Herpes simplex virus
1		 Herpes thymidine kinase RNAb 143 tk- cells
(human)b 		37, 76
Influenza virus Flu polymerase subunit 2
(PB2), nucleoprotein
(NP)		 RNAb C127 cells
(mouse)b 		77
E. coli NA phoA, lacZ, RNAb E. coli cells in
culture		 56
E. coli NA bla, cat RNAb E. coli cells in
culture		 58
E. coli NA gyrA, rnpA RNAb E. coli cells in
culture		 79
E. coli NA aac(6′)-Ib RNAb, LNA/DNAd E. coli cells in
culture		 85, 97
E. coli NA ftsZ RNAb E. coli cells in
culture		 91
S. aureus Wound infection gyrA PPMOe S. aureus cells in
culture		 104
Murine
cutaneous wound
model
E. coli NA (tularemia) F. tularensis mlgB RNAf E. coli cells
harboring
heterologous
gene in culture		 95
S. enterica Salmonella infection invB, invC RNAb S. enterica
invasion of Henle-
407 cells (human)		 39
E. coli NA (plague) Y. pestis yscN and yscS RNAf E. coli cells
harboring
heterologous
gene in culture		 41
E. coli NA (brucellosis) B. melitensis vjbB RNAf In vitro cleavage
of mRNA		 35
E. coli
B. subtilis
E. faecalis 		NA gyrA PPMOe Bacterial cells in
culture		 100
P. aeruginosa
S. aureus 		NA gyrA PPMOe In vitro cleavage
of mRNA		 100
E. coli
B. subtilis
E. faecalis 		NA rnpA PPMOe In vitro cleavage
of mRNA		 100
E. coli NA cat PPMOe Bacterial cells in
culture		 100
Plasmodium
falciparum 		Malaria gyrA PPMOe P. falciparum
cells in culture		 54
a

In those cases where the inhibition of expression of the gene(s) in question was done in E. coli harboring the gene(s), the disease caused by the bacterium providing the gene(s) is indicated in parenthesis. NA, not applicable.

b

Recombinant clones coding for EGSs were introduced in cells (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) as described in the text.

c

The EGS was in a recombinant clone harbored by a Salmonella strain constructed for delivery.

d

LNA/DNA, oligomer composed of LNA and deoxynucleotide residues.

e

PPMO, phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide EGS conjugated to permeabilizer peptide.

f

A recombinant plasmid expressing both the EGS and the target gene was introduced in E. coli to test the EGS activity on gene expression.