Table 4.
Number and incidence rates of all-cause mortality, CVD event and severe chronic kidney disease
| Event | Cumulative incidence | Incidence rate (cases/1000 person-years) | Person-years | Median follow-up periods (months) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of event | Rate (%) | Estimate | 95 % CIa | |||
| Full cohort (N = 11,293) | ||||||
| All-cause mortality | 397 | 3.52 | 8.713 | (7.877–9.614) | 45,561.5 | 60.5 |
| CVD | 610 | 5.40 | 13.527 | (12.474–14.644) | 45,095.8 | 58.5 |
| CHD | 294 | 2.60 | 6.482 | (5.763–7.267) | 45,353.5 | 59.5 |
| Stroke | 266 | 2.36 | 5.865 | (5.182–6.614) | 45,351.9 | 59.5 |
| Heart failure | 139 | 1.23 | 3.055 | (2.569–3.608) | 45,493.0 | 60.5 |
| Severe CKD | 333 | 2.95 | 5.266 | (4.716–5.864) | 63,230.1 | 60.5 |
| MM group (N = 7493) | ||||||
| All-cause Mortality | 240 | 3.20 | 7.591 | (6.661–8.615) | 31,615.0 | 62.5 |
| CVD | 382 | 5.10 | 12.204 | (11.011–13.492) | 31,300.8 | 61.5 |
| CHD | 176 | 2.35 | 5.591 | (4.796–6.481) | 31,477.2 | 61.5 |
| Stroke | 170 | 2.27 | 5.403 | (4.621–6.279) | 31,466.3 | 61.5 |
| Heart failure | 85 | 1.13 | 2.692 | (2.150–3.328) | 31,580.7 | 62.5 |
| Severe CKD | 230 | 3.07 | 7.275 | (6.365–8.278) | 31,615.0 | 62.5 |
| Control group (N = 3800) | ||||||
| All-cause Mortality | 157 | 4.13 | 11.257 | (9.565–13.162) | 13,946.5 | 45.5 |
| CVD | 228 | 6.00 | 16.528 | (14.452–18.818) | 13,795.0 | 44.5 |
| CHD | 118 | 3.11 | 8.504 | (7.039–10.184) | 13,876.3 | 45 |
| Stroke | 96 | 2.53 | 6.914 | (5.600–8.443) | 13,885.6 | 44.5 |
| Heart failure | 54 | 1.42 | 3.881 | (2.916–5.064) | 13,912.3 | 45.5 |
| Severe CKD | 103 | 2.71 | 7.385 | (6.028–8.957) | 13,946.5 | 45.5 |
| Propensity score-matched cohort (N = 6800) | ||||||
| All-cause mortality | 249 | 3.66 | 9.104 | (8.009–10.308) | 27,349.6 | 60.5 |
| CVD | 366 | 5.38 | 13.527 | (12.177–14.987) | 27,056.3 | 58.5 |
| CHD | 183 | 2.69 | 6.724 | (5.785–7.772) | 27,217.4 | 59.5 |
| Stroke | 162 | 2.38 | 5.951 | (5.070–6.942) | 27,221.0 | 59.5 |
| Heart failure | 77 | 1.13 | 2.821 | (2.226–3.525) | 27,298.1 | 60.5 |
| Severe CKD | 197 | 2.90 | 7.203 | (6.232–8.282) | 27,349.6 | 60.5 |
| MM group (N = 3400) | ||||||
| All-cause mortality | 113 | 3.32 | 7.493 | (6.175–9.008) | 15,081.4 | 62.5 |
| CVD | 169 | 4.97 | 11.330 | (9.686–13.173) | 14,915.8 | 62.5 |
| CHD | 81 | 2.38 | 5.398 | (4.287–6.710) | 15,004.7 | 62.5 |
| Stroke | 76 | 2.24 | 5.065 | (3.990–6.339) | 15,006.4 | 62.5 |
| Heart failure | 34 | 1.00 | 2.257 | (1.563–3.154) | 15,062.0 | 62.5 |
| Severe CKD | 112 | 3.29 | 7.426 | (6.115–8.936) | 15,081.4 | 62.5 |
| Control group (N = 3400) | ||||||
| All-cause mortality | 136 | 4.00 | 11.086 | (9.301–13.113) | 12,268.2 | 44.5 |
| CVD | 197 | 5.79 | 16.227 | (14.040–18.658) | 12,140.6 | 43.5 |
| CHD | 102 | 3.00 | 8.352 | (6.810–10.139) | 12,212.8 | 43.5 |
| Stroke | 86 | 2.53 | 7.041 | (5.632–8.695) | 12,214.6 | 43.5 |
| Heart failure | 43 | 1.26 | 3.514 | (2.543–4.734) | 12,236.1 | 43.5 |
| Severe CKD | 85 | 2.50 | 6.929 | (5.534–8.567) | 12,268.2 | 44.5 |
MM metformin monotherapy, CVD cardiovascular disease, CHD coronary heart disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, DM diabetes mellitus, CI confidence interval, CKD chronic kidney disease
aThe 95 % CI was constructed based on Poisson distribution