Table 3.
Regression analysis of the performance on cognitive tests, by sex, age and level of education among participants of ELSA-Brasil
| Variables | Beta (95 % IC) Univariable analysis) | Adjusted R2 (univariable analysis) | Beta (95 % IC) Multivariable analysise | Adjusted R2 Multivariable analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immediate memory | ||||
| Femalea | 1.54 (1.41;1.67) | 0.04 | 1.34 (1.23; 1.45) | 0.18 |
| Age (10 years)d | −0.89 (−0.96; −0.83) | 0.04 | −0.75 (−0.82–0.69) | |
| Age groupsb | ||||
| Middle-aged | −1.02 (−1.17; −087) | 0.03 | −0.74 (−0.087; −0.60)f | |
| Elderly | −2.61 (−2.86; −2.38) | −2.23 (−2.44; −2.01) | ||
| Schooling level (years)c | ||||
| 8–10 | 1.59 (1.24;1.94) | 0.13 | 1.40 (1.07; 1.75) | |
| 11–14 | 3.41 (3.13;3.70) | 2.82 (2.54; 3.10) | ||
| 14+ | 5.16 (4.88;5.44) | 4.63 (4.36; 4.90) | ||
| Recall | ||||
| Female | 0.71 (0.65; 0.78) | 0.03 | 0.62 (0.56; 0.68) | 0.16 |
| Age (10 years) | −0.47 (−0.51; −0.44) | 0.05 | −0.41 (0.45; 0.38 | |
| Age groups | ||||
| Middle-aged | −0.56 (−0.64; −0.49) | 0.04 | −0.43 (−0.50; −0.35) | |
| Elderly | −1.41 (−1.53; −1.29) | −1.32 (−1.35; −1.12) | ||
| Schooling level (years) | ||||
| 8–10 | 0.68 (0.50; 0.86) | 0.11 | 0.58 (0.40; 0.75) | |
| 11-14 | 1.55 (1.40; 1.69) | 1.27 (1.09; 1.37) | ||
| 14+ | 2.37 (2.23; 2.52) | 2.09 (1.95; 2.22) | ||
| Recognition | ||||
| Female | 0.16 (0.14; 0.20) | 0.009 | 0.14 (0.11; 0.17) | 0.06 |
| Age (10 years) | −0.16 (−0.17; −0.14) | 0.02 | −0.13 (−0.15; 0.12) | |
| Age groups | ||||
| Middle-aged | −0.14 (−0.18; −0.11) | 0.02 | −0.10 (−0.13; −0.07) | |
| Elderly | −0.46 (−0.52; −0.41) | −0.40 (−0.45; −0.34) | ||
| Schooling level (years) | ||||
| 8–10c | 0.31 (0.23; 0.40) | 0.04 | 0.28 (0.20; 0.36) | |
| 11–14c | 0.56 (0.49; 0.63) | 0.47 (0.40; 0.53) | ||
| 14+c | 0.74 (0.67–0.81) | 0.67 (0.60; 0.73) | ||
| Verbal fluency tests (animals) | ||||
| Femalea | 0.41 (0.24;0.58) | 0.001 | 0.569 (−0.10; 0.021) | 0.21 |
| Age (10 years) | −1.11 (−1.20; −1.01) | 0.02 | −0.87 (−0.96; −0.79) | |
| Age groups | ||||
| Middle-agedb | −1.70 (−1.91; −1.50) | 0.03 | −1.12 (−1.31; −0.94) | |
| Elderlyb | −2.99 (−3.31; −2.68) | −2.36 (−2.65; −2.07) | ||
| Schooling level (years) ld | ||||
| 8–10c | 1.57 (1.13; 2.00) | 0.19 | 1.43 (1.00; 1.86) | |
| 11–14c | 4.07 (3.73; 4.42) | 3.65 (3.30; 3.99) | ||
| 14+c | 7.43 (7.09; 7.76) | 7.04 (6.71; 7.38) | ||
| Verbal fluency tests (letter F) | ||||
| Female | 0.45 (0.30; 0.59) | 0.003 | 0.15 (0.21; 0.29) | 0.17 |
| Age (10 years) | −0.76 (−0.84; −0.68) | 0.02 | −0.53 (−0.61; −0.46) | |
| Age groups | ||||
| Middle-aged | −1.07 (−1.24; −0.89) | 0.02 | −0.59 (−0.76; −0.43) | |
| Elderlyb | −2.09 (−2.36; −1.81) | −1.48 (−1.73; −1.22) | ||
| Schooling level (years) | ||||
| 8–10 | 1.73 (1.34; 2.11) | 0.16 | 1.63 (1.25; 2.01) | |
| 11–14 | 4.01 (3.70; 4.32) | 3.72 (3.42; 4.03) | ||
| 14+ | 6.25 (5.95; 6.55) | 5.99 (5.69; 6.29) | ||
| Trail B | ||||
| Female | −0.75 (−2.53; 1.02) | 0.001 | 2.55 (1.05; 4.95) | 0.29 |
| Age (10 years) | 14.59 (13.62; 15.54) | 0.06 | 14.1 2 (13.33; 14.96) | |
| Age groups | ||||
| Middle-aged | 24.70 (22.66; 26.74) | 0.05 | 20.39 (18.60; 22.18) | |
| Elderly | 39.27 (35.88; 42.65) | 38.55 (35.60; 41.50) | ||
| Schooling level (years) | ||||
| 8–10 | −27.32 (−33.13; −21.51) | 0.24 | −23.35 (−29.01; −17.69) | |
| 11–14 | −68.23 (−73.1; −63.37) | −60.27 (−65.06; −55.49) | ||
| 14+ | −103.5 (−108.3; −98.7) | −96.76 (−101.49; −92.95) | ||
Reference level: amale, badults (35–54 years old), cless than 4 years of school
Analysis: dAge in years, as continuous variable, ecorrelation with sex and schooling using age as a continuous variable. fcorrelation of age strata adjusted by sex and schooling