Table 3.

Relationship between serum hyaluronic acid concentration and changes in Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade

	Development from KL grade 0/1				Progression from KL grade 2/3
	β	P value	Odds	95 % CI	β	P value	Odds	95 % CI
Females	0.87	0.005	2.39	1.27−4.24	0.54	0.472	1.71	0.40–7.42
Age	0.04	0.014	1.04	1.01–1.07	0.07	0.016	1.08	1.01–1.14
BMI	0.16	0.001	1.18	1.07–1.30	0.24	<0.001	1.28	1.11–1.46
sHA	0.01	0.196	1.01	0.99–1.02	0.02	0.004	1.02	1.01–1.03

Logistic regression analysis of KL grades 0 or 1 and KL grades 2 or 3 at baseline. Dependent variables: development from KL grades 0 or 1 and progression from KL grades 2 or 3. Independent variables: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and serum hyaluronic acid (sHA) concentration, which was adjusted for lifestyle parameters. KL grade β standardized coefficient