Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics by Age Group
| Age Group | 53–58 | 59–64 | 65–70 | 71–76 | 77–82 | 83–88 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1996 | 2010 | 1996 | 2010 | 1996 | 2010 | 1996 | 2010 | 1996 | 2010 | 1996 | 2010 |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Age (years) | 55.91 | 56.45*** | 61.44 | 61.40 | 66.94 | 67.85*** | 73.73 | 73.38*** | 79.29 | 79.23 | 85.08 | 85.26*** |
| Female | 0.57 | 0.62*** | 0.54 | 0.59*** | 0.45 | 0.59*** | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.61 | 0.57*** | 0.65 | 0.59*** |
| Black | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.15*** | 0.13 | 0.16*** | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.09*** |
| Hispanic | 0.10 | 0.14*** | 0.08 | 0.12*** | 0.08 | 0.09* | 0.06 | 0.09*** | 0.06 | 0.08*** | 0.05 | 0.06 |
| Education (years) | 12.32 | 13.18*** | 11.99 | 13.17*** | 11.76 | 12.72*** | 11.35 | 12.27*** | 10.82 | 12.20*** | 10.27 | 12.01*** |
| Married | 0.75 | 0.68*** | 0.72 | 0.66*** | 0.87 | 0.65*** | 0.62 | 0.60* | 0.47 | 0.54*** | 0.36 | 0.43*** |
| Income† | 90.04 | 85.84 | 72.73 | 81.96*** | 63.41 | 66.26 | 46.65 | 54.34*** | 37.29 | 45.10*** | 33.50 | 36.03 |
| Chronic diseases | ||||||||||||
| Hypertension | 0.42 | 0.45** | 0.47 | 0.56*** | 0.51 | 0.65*** | 0.53 | 0.69*** | 0.54 | 0.71*** | 0.56 | 0.72*** |
| Diabetes | 0.11 | 0.17*** | 0.15 | 0.23*** | 0.17 | 0.26*** | 0.17 | 0.28*** | 0.15 | 0.26*** | 0.12 | 0.23*** |
| Cancer | 0.06 | 0.08*** | 0.08 | 0.11*** | 0.10 | 0.16*** | 0.14 | 0.19*** | 0.17 | 0.24*** | 0.16 | 0.25*** |
| Lung disease | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.09* | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13** | 0.11 | 0.14** | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| Heart disease | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.44* |
| Stroke | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05*** | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.15 |
| Psychiatric disease | 0.15 | 0.22*** | 0.14 | 0.24*** | 0.12 | 0.20*** | 0.14 | 0.16*** | 0.13 | 0.16*** | 0.14 | 0.15 |
| Arthritis | 0.45 | 0.44 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.66*** | 0.53 | 0.71*** | 0.55 | 0.73*** | 0.60 | 0.72*** |
| Health behaviors | ||||||||||||
| Obese | 0.26 | 0.38*** | 0.24 | 0.38*** | 0.20 | 0.36*** | 0.16 | 0.31*** | 0.13 | 0.25*** | 0.09 | 0.15*** |
| Heavy drinker | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.04* |
| Former smoker | 0.62 | 0.53*** | 0.63 | 0.56*** | 0.64 | 0.60*** | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.52 | 0.56** | 0.46 | 0.52*** |
| Current smoker | 0.25 | 0.20*** | 0.20 | 0.17*** | 0.16 | 0.14** | 0.11 | 0.10* | 0.08 | 0.06*** | 0.04 | 0.03* |
| Observations | 4,087 | 1,611 | 4,511 | 2,715 | 1,698 | 2,915 | 2,821 | 3,345 | 2,111 | 2,258 | 1,256 | 1,393 |
†Household income (unit: 1,000 dollars).
Notes. *, **, *** respectively, means difference between two examined waves significant at 10%, 5%, 1% level.