Table 1.

Estimates of α, the male-to-female mutation rate ratio, from genome-wide sequence data.

Mammalian species	α	Reference
Human
Human	20.1	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Human–Chimpanzee	6	Taylor et al., 2006 [22]
Human	4.7	Presgraves and Yi, 2009 [80]
Chimpanzee
Chimpanzee	6.2	Presgraves and Yi, 2009 [80]
Chimpanzee	3.6	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Gorilla
Gorilla	2.5	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Gorilla	2.1	Presgraves and Yi, 2009 [80]
Orangutan	3.5	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Rhesus
Rhesus	2.9	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Rhesus–Human	2.9	Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium [90]
Marmoset	2.6	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Tarsier	3.0	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Mouse lemur	3.0	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Bushbaby	2.4	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Treeshrew	3.3	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Mouse
Mouse	2.2	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Mouse–Rat	2	Makova, Yang and Chiaromonte, 2004 [28] Gibbs et al., 2004 [91]
Rat	1.9	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Kangaroo rat	1.9	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Guinea pig	1.5	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Squirrel	2.4	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Rabbit	3.3	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Pika	2.0	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Alpaca	3.3	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Dolphin	3.9	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Cow	2.8	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Horse	3.5	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Cat	1.4	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Dog
Dog	2.8	Linblad-Toh et al., 2005 [92]
Dog	2.0	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Microbat	2.2	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Megabat	2.0	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Hedgehog	1.0	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Shrew	1.1	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Elephant	2.8	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Rock hyrax	2.7	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Tenrec	2.0	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Armadillo	1.6	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]
Sloth	2.0	Wilson Sayres et al., 2011 [16]