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. 2015 Oct 6;6:8486. doi: 10.1038/ncomms9486

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(a) Normalized magnitude of the longitudinal electric field and perpendicular magnetic field for the TM₀₁ mode at 450 GHz in a circular copper waveguide with dielectric loading. The inner diameter of the copper waveguide is 940 μm with a vacuum radius r_v=200 μm and a dielectric wall thickness of d=270 μm. The dimensions r_v and d are labelled in the E_z plot. The solid black line indicates the boundary between the vacuum core and the quartz capillary. (b) The dispersion relation for the TM₀₁ mode with and without dielectric loading. The black line indicates the speed of light in vacuum. (c) The group and phase velocity of the THz pulse as a function of frequency with dielectric loading.