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Representative cases with and without AF recurrence. (A) Representative case without AF recurrence. (B) Representative case with AF recurrence. In contrast to the patient with AF recurrence, a shorter distance between the LIPV and MA and a larger cross-sectional RSPV area were observed in the patient without AF recurrence. AF=atrial fibrillation, LIPV=left inferior pulmonary vein, RSPV=right superior pulmonary vein.
