Figure 3.

Sodium efflux and actin polymerization are required for viability under solid stress. (A) Quantification of cell death based on the ratio of propidium iodide to calcein AM after 4 h of compression of a 2D monolayer. Hyper: 250 mM xylose; hypo: 25% H₂O. (B) Cell death in 3D tumor spheroids versus radial stress. Stress-dependent toxicity is indicated by the slope value. Representative images of spheroids stained for live cells (calcein AM, green) and dead cells (propidium iodide, red) are given below. Scale bar is 50 μm. Values given are mean ± SE; # indicates significant difference compared with stressed control; ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. To see this figure in color, go online.