Table 1.
Comparison by sex of patient population
| Category | Female | Male | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (standard deviation) | 72.934 (14.6709) | 64.471 (14.5089) | 0.000 |
| IL-10 levels, median (IQR) in pg/mL | 8.4 (4.163–11.278) | 6.225 (3.81–8.43) | 0.014 |
| Stroke risk factor history | |||
| Hypertension, % | 80.6 % | 73.3 % | NS |
| Heart disease, % | 26.4 % | 30.0 % | NS |
| Diabetes, % | 29.2 % | 25.6 % | NS |
| Smoking, % | 13.9 % | 20.2 % | NS |
| High cholesterol, % | 61.1 % | 65.6 % | NS |
| Pre-stroke “good condition” | |||
| Baseline modified Barthel ≥ 15, % | 93.4 % | 80 % | NS |
| Baseline modified Rankin ≤ 2, % | 87.8 % | 94.9 % | NS |
| Markers of stroke severity | |||
| Admission NIH, median (IQR) | 6 (3, 16.25) | 4 (2, 14) | NS |
| Acute outcomes post-stroke | |||
| Discharge NIH, median (IQR) | 3 (0.25, 4.75) | 2.5 (1.00–7.500) | NS |
| Change in NIH, median (IQR) | −1.00 (−8.00 to 0.00) | −1.00 (−6.00 to 0.00) | NS |
| Death in hospital, % | 14.5 % | 6.3 % | NS |
| Death or discharge to hospice, % | 20.0 % | 10.5 % | NS |
| Discharge to home, % | 38.2 % | 47.4 % | NS |
| 3-month negative outcomes | |||
| Modified Barthel ≤ 14, % | 25.6 % | 20.4 % | NS |
| Modified Rankin score >2, % | 45.0 % | 25.9 % | NS |
| Composite negative outcome, % | 40.8 % | 23.5 % | 0.014 |
| 12-month negative outcomes | |||
| Modified Barthel ≤ 14, % | 19.2 % | 16.2 % | NS |
| Modified Rankin score >2, % | 32.0 % | 25.0 % | NS |
| Composite negative outcome, % | 30.3 % | 18.6 % | NS |
Comparison of age, stroke risk factors, pre-stroke condition, stroke severity, and stroke outcomes between females and males. Females had higher IL-10 levels, were significantly older, and had worse composite 3-month outcomes compared to males. A composite negative outcome was defined as death or disabled with a modified Rankin score greater than 2 or a modified Barthel score less than or equal to 14