Table 3.

Empirical mitochondrial datasets. The numbers in parentheses represent the deamination rates when conditioning on the other end of the fragment being deaminated for heavily contaminated samples

Sample	mtDNA	Deamination		Present-day	Library ID
ID	coverage	rates (%)		contamination	and reference
	(×)	5′	3′
Altai Neanderthal	1076	5.7	28.4	Low (∼1 %)	L9198 from [12]
Denisovan	258	14.8	33.9	Low (∼1 %)	B1108 from [20]
Ust’-ishim	124	2.7	3.4	Low (∼1 %)	B3899 from [19]
Mezmaiskaya Neanderthal B9687	711	8.8 (17.3)	13.3 (25.8)	High (∼40–50 %)	B9687 from [21]
Mezmaiskaya Neanderthal B9688	636	8.5 (15.0)	12.7 (24.1)	High (∼40–50 %)	B9688 from [21]