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. 2014 Oct 31;5(8):794–809. doi: 10.4161/viru.27794

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© 2014 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

© Jeffrey Green, Matthew D Rolfe, and Laura J Smith

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

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Figure 6. — The Agr regulatory system. The agr locus consists of divergently transcribed agrBDCA and RNAIII genes. The former is driven from promoter 2 (P2) and encodes proteins that constitute the Agr quorum sensing system. The latter is driven from P3 and encodes the 26 amino acid δ-hemolysin and the regulatory RNA, RNAIII. AgrC and AgrA are a two-component system that responds to accumulation of an autoinducer peptide (AIP, a tailed thiolactone ring) that is generated by processing of AgrD by the membrane-bound AgrB protein and SpsB. The accumulation of AIP in the extracellular milieu is sensed by AgrC resulting in phosphorylation and activation of AgrA. RNAIII downregulates expression of cell surface proteins and upregulates exoprotein (toxin) production.