Table 1.

Gram-positive eSTK-regulated transcription factors involved in virulence and infection^c

Sp.	Name	Family	Function	eSTK	Phospho-residue(s)	Domain	Effect on DNA binding	In vitro or In vivo	bRef.
S. aureus	SarA	SarA/ MgrA	Virulence	Stk1 (PknB), SA0077 (Stk2)	Thr(s)/ Ser(s)/C9	DD	Increase/ Decrease	In vitro, in vivo	84,88
	SarZ	SarA/ MgrA	Redox	Stk1 (PknB)	C13	DD	Decrease	In vitro, in vivo	88
	MgrA	SarA/ MgrA	Antibiotic resistance	Stk1 (PknB)	S110, S113, C11	DD	Decrease	In vitro, in vivo	82,88
	CymR	SarA/ MgrA	Cysteine metabolism	Stk1 (PknB)	C25	DD	Unknown	In vitro, in vivo	88
	GraR	TCS	Antibiotic resistance	Stk1 (PknB)	T128, T130, T149	DBD	Increase	In vitro	102
	CcpA	LysR	Central metabolism/virulence	Stk1 (PknB)	T18, T33	DBD	Decrease	In vitro, in vivo*	97
	VraR	NarL	Antibiotic resistance	Stk1 (PknB)	T106, T119, T175 T178	REC, DBD	Decrease	In vitro, in vivo*	103
M. tuberculosis	VirS	AraC	Stress response	PknK	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	In vitro, in vivo*	129
	DosR	TCS-like	Redox, Dormancy	PknH	T198, T205	REC	Increase	In vitro	108
	EmbR	SARP	Cell wall modification	PknA, PknB, PknH	Thr(s), T209	FHA, BTA	Increase	In vitro, in vivo	112,118,119
	Rv0681	TetR	Unknown	PknH	T35	DBD	Unknown	In vitro	119
	EthR	TetR	Antibiotic resistance	PknF	T2, T3, S4, S7	Un-structured	Increase	In vitro	122
	Rv2175c	TCS	Cell envelope	PknL	T9	Un-structured	Unaffected	In vitro	125
	RshA	anti-σ factor	Stress response	PknB	T94	Unknown	Unknown	In vitro, in vivo	131
	SigH	σ factor	Stress response	PknB	T26, T106	Unknown	Unknown	In vitro, in vivo	131
	Rv0516c	anti-anti-σ factor	Unknown	PknD	T2	Unknown	Unknown	In vitro, in vivo	132
GBS	CovR	OmpR/ PhoB	Virulence	Stk1	T65	REC	Decrease	In vitro, in vivo	138,139
GAS	WalR	OmpR/ PhoB	Cell wall, division	SP-STK	Thr(s)	Unknown	Unknown	In vitro, in vivo	10
	CovR	OmpR/ PhoB	Virulence	SP-STK	T65	Unknown	Increase	In vitro, in vivo	139
S. pneumoniae	RitR	OmpR/ PhoB	Iron uptake, ROS stress	StkP	Unknown	DBD	Unknown	In vitro	24
	RR06	OmpR/ PhoB	Adhesion	StkP	Thr(s)	Unknown	Increase	In vitro, in vivo	149

^aDBD, DNA-Binding Domain; REC, Receiver Domain; DD, Dimerization Domain; σ, Sigma Factor; TCS, Two-Component System; FHA, Fork Head-Associated domain; BTA, Bacterial Transcriptional Activation domain; T or Thr, Threonine residue; S or Ser, Serine residue; C, Cysteine residue. Asterisk (*) denotes the use of a heterologous E. coli over-expression system to determine in vivo phosphorylation. GBS, Group B Streptococci (S. agalactiae); GAS, Group A Streptococci (S. pyogenes).

^bReferences where the phospho-modifications were identified.