Table 2. Comparison of Risk Factors for Fatal and Non-Fatal Patients With Primary Bacteremia and Pneumonia Caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Univariate Analysis) a.
| Variable | Non-Survivors (N = 22) | Survivors (N = 49) | P Value b | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age ≥ 65, y | 18 (81.8) | 27 (55.1) | 0.036 | 3.67 (1.08 -12.43) |
| Male gender | 15 (68.2) | 32 (65.3) | 1 | 1.14 (0.39 - 3.33) |
| Co-morbid diseases | ||||
| Hypertension | 12 (54.5) | 22 (44.9) | 0.608 | 1.47 (0.54 - 4.05) |
| Congestive heart failure | 5 (22.7) | 4 (8.2) | 0.124 | 3.31 (0.79 - 13.81) |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 5 (22.7) | 9 (18.4) | 0.75 | 1.31 (0.38 - 4.48) |
| COPD | 12 (54.5) | 24 (49.0) | 0.799 | 1.25 (0.46 - 3.43) |
| Chronic renal failure | 0 (0) | 6 (12.2) | 0.167 | 0.15 (0.01 - 2.76) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (27.3) | 15 (30.6) | 1 | 0.85 (0.28 - 2.60) |
| Malignancy | 5 (22.7) | 14 (28.6) | 0.774 | 0.74 (0.23 - 2.38) |
| Immunosuppression | 2 (9.1) | 7 (14.3) | 0.711 | 0.60 (0.11 - 3.15) |
| Stay in ICU | 17 (77.3) | 20 (40.8) | 0.005 | 4.93 (1.56 - 15.55) |
| Prior hospitalization c | 7 (31.8) | 22 (44.9) | 0.434 | 0.57 (0.19 - 1.65) |
| Prior antibiotic use d | 4 (18.2) | 15 (30.6) | 0.387 | 0.50 (0.15 - 1.74) |
| Presence of severe sepsis | 8 (36.4) | 3 (6.1) | 0.003 | 8.76 (2.04 - 37.57) |
| Presence of septic shock | 9 (40.9) | 3 (6.1) | 0.008 | 10.62 (2.50 - 45.02) |
| Presence of MODS | 5 (22.7) | 3 (6.1) | 0.097 | 4.51 (0.97 - 20.95) |
| Polymicrobial infection | 2 (9.1) | 6 (12.2) | 1 | 1.39 (0.36 - 4.45) |
| Devices, used | ||||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 17 (77.3) | 19 (38.8) | 0.004 | 5.37 (1.69 - 16.97) |
| Central venous catheter | 19 (86.4) | 34 (69.4) | 0.153 | 2.79 (0.72 - 10.90) |
| Urinary catheter | 20 (90.9) | 33 (67.3) | 0.042 | 4.85 (1.0 - 23.35) |
| Nasogastric catheter | 16 (72.7) | 22 (44.9) | 0.04 | 3.27 (1.09 - 9.78) |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Anemia | 19 (86.4) | 36 (73.5) | 0.358 | 2.29 (0.58 - 9.03) |
| Leukocytosis | 14 (63.6) | 22 (44.9) | 0.2 | 2.15 (0.76 - 6.05) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 14 (63.6) | 13 (26.5) | 0.004 | 4.85 (1.65 - 14.21) |
| Elevated C-reactive protein | 22 (100) | 48 (98.0) | 1 | 1.39 (0.05 - 35.54) |
| Raised erythrocyte | 21 (95.5) | 44 (89.8) | 0.658 | 2.38 (0.26 - 21.74) |
| sedimentation rate | ||||
| Increased blood urine nitrogen | 18 (81.8) | 21 (42.9) | 0.005 | 6.0 (1.77 - 20.38) |
| Hypercreatininemia | 11 (50.0) | 12 (24.5) | 0.054 | 3.08 (1.07 - 8.89) |
| Treatment data | ||||
| Inappropriate antibiotic use | 14 (63.6) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.0001 | 168.9 (9.18 - 3107) |
a Abbreviations: CI, Confidence Interval; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; MODS, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome.
b Univariate analysis.
c Hospitalization for more than 48 hours within three months.
d Administration of antibiotics for more than 24 hours within 30 days.